Consumo alimentar e síndrome metabólica em adolescentes

DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2017.1.25496Aims: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents and to compare the dietary intake of individuals with and without the syndrome. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with adolescents aged 15 to 17 years, enrolled in public and private schools in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Body mass index was used to determine the nutritional status, classified according to the World Health Organization. Waist circumference was measured according to Petroski (2003). Triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and blood pressure were assessed and the International Diabetes Federation criteria were used for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. A non-consecutive 3-day food record was used for dietary assessment. The chi–square test, Fisher's exact test, Student’s parametric t test or the Mann-Whitney U test were used for associations between the groups.Results: A total of 302 adolescents – 51.99% males and 73.51% from public schools – were evaluated. The prevalence of obesity was 27.48% and that of metabolic syndrome was 3.97%; 4.83% among girls and 3.18% among boys (p=0.46). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among public school students was 4.50% compared with 2.50% (p=0.73) among those from private schools. In the comparison between the groups with and without metabolic syndrome, there were no statistically significant differences in dietary energy and micronutrient adequacy, except for vitamin D (p=0.01). Adolescents with metabolic syndrome consumed less vitamin D than those without the syndrome.Conclusions: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be relevant considering its complexity, severity, and the age group studied. Lower vitamin D intake was observed among adolescents with metabolic syndrome.DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2017.1.25496Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência de síndrome metabólica em adolescentes e comparar o consumo alimentar dos indivíduos com e sem a síndrome.Métodos: Foi conduzido um estudo transversal com adolescentes de 15 a 17 anos de idade, matriculados em escolas públicas e privadas do município de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Utilizou-se o índice de massa corporal para determinar o estado nutricional, classificado de acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde. A medida de circunferência da cintura foi aferida segundo Petroski 2003. Para o diagnóstico da síndrome metabólica foram coletados dados de triglicerídeos, colesterol ligado à lipoproteína de alta densidade, glicemia de jejum e pressão arterial e utilizados os critérios da International Diabetes Federation. Para a avaliação dietética utilizou–se um registro alimentar de três dias não consecutivos. Na análise estatística para a associação entre os grupos, foram usados os testes qui quadrado e exato de Fisher e os testes t de Student (teste paramétrico) ou Mann Whitney (não paramétrico).Resultados: Foram avaliados 302 adolescentes, sendo 51,99% do sexo masculino e 73,51% estudantes de escolas públicas A prevalência de obesidade foi de 27,48% e a de síndrome metabólica de 3,97%, sendo esta de 4,83% entre as meninas e 3,18% entre os meninos (p=0,46). A prevalência de síndrome metabólica entre os alunos de escolas públicas foi de 4,50% e entre os de escolas privadas de 2,50% (p=0,73). Na comparação entre os grupos com e sem a síndrome, não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas na adequação calórica e de micronutrientes, exceto de vitamina D (p=0,01). Verificou-se que os adolescentes com síndrome metabólica consumiam menos vitamina D do que aqueles sem a síndrome.Conclusões: A prevalência de síndrome metabólica encontrada foi relevante, considerando-se sua complexidade, gravidade e a faixa etária em estudo. Detectou-se menor ingestão de vitamina D entre os adolescentes com síndrome metabólica

Adductor pollicis muscle thickness in Brazilian adolescents and associations with nutritional status, sexual maturation and physical activity (EVA-JF Study)

Objective: The present study aims to assess the associations of adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT) with age, skin color, sexual maturation, anthropometric indicators and physical activity in Brazilian adolescents. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study of adolescents aged 14-19 years. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), arm circumference (AC), APMT, body fat, fat-free mass (FFM), fat-free mass index (FFMI), sexual maturation, time of physical activity and skin color were evaluated. APMT was associated with categorical variables using Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis tests and correlated with anthropometric variables using Spearman’s correlation. Linear regression was used with APMT as a dependent and the other variables as predictors. Data analysis was carried out in SPSS® software (version 17.0) with a 5% significance level. Results: 828 adolescents were evaluated, 57.6% female, with a mean age of 16.13 ± 1.20 years. APMT had an average value of 18.0 mm in females and 21.0 mm in males. The measure was greater in males, in more advanced stages of sexual maturation, overweight and physical activity. It presented a moderate correlation with FFM, FFMI, body fat and AC. In the final model of multiple linear regression for females, the variables AC and body fat explain 20.1% of the APMT variability. For men, the variables AC and FFMI explain 30.5% of the APMT variability. Conclusion: It is recommended that APMT be used in a complementary manner in the nutritional assessment of adolescents.Objetivo: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las asociaciones del grosor del músculo aductor del pulgar (EMAP) con la edad, el color de la piel, la maduración sexual, los indicadores antropométricos y la actividad física en adolescentes brasileños. Material y métodos: estudio transversal con adolescentes de 14 a 19 años. Peso, talla, índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia del brazo (CB), EMAP, grasa corporal, masa libre de grasa (MLG), índice de masa libre de grasa (IMLG), maduración sexual, tiempo de actividad física y color de piel fueron juzgado. EMAP se asoció con variables categóricas mediante pruebas de Mann-Whitney o Kruskal-Wallis y se correlacionó con variables antropométricas mediante la correlación de Spearman. Se utilizó regresión lineal con EMAP como variable dependiente y el resto de variables como predictores. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante el software SPSS® (versión 17.0) con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: se evaluaron 828 adolescentes, 57,6% mujeres, con una edad media de 16,13 ± 1,20 años. EMAP tuvo un valor promedio de 18.0 mm en mujeres y 21.0 mm en hombres. La medida fue mayor en varones, en estadios más avanzados de maduración sexual, sobrepeso y practicantes de actividad física. Presentó una correlación moderada con MLG, IMLG, grasa corporal y CB. En el modelo final de regresión lineal múltiple para mujeres, las variables CB y grasa corporal explican el 20,1%; para los hombres, las variables CB y MLG explican el 30,5% de la variabilidad EMAP. Conclusión: Se recomienda que EMAP se utilice de forma complementaria en la valoración nutricional de adolescentes