EFFICACY OF ANTIOXIDATION AND ANTI- INFLAMMATION OF THE LEAF EXTRACTS OF BORRERIA HISPIDA

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the total content of phenol, terpenoid and flavonoids from leaf extract of Borreria hispida which was collected from Tamilnadu regions. The leaf extract was also evaluated for antioxidant activity and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity.Methods: In the present investigation, the best accession was screened out through antioxidant activity by qualitative and quantitative methods. The leaf extract was evaluated for antioxidant activity by 1,1–diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation assay.Results: Among the five solvents, maximum antioxidant activity was found in the ethanolic extract of Thanjavur accession (81.3±0.1 %). Total content of phenol, terpenoid and flavonoids were quantified as 33.21±0.06 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents, 76.4±0.02 and 18.27±0.08 mg QE/g respectively. The maximum inhibition rate of albumin denaturation of Borreria hispida was found to be 89.3±0.5% at a dose of 10 mg/ml.Conclusion: It was concluded that the maximum percentage of antioxidant activity was found in Thanjavur accession which attributes the highest radical scavenging activity and the ethanolic leaf extract of Borreria hispida was exhibited a superior level of anti-inflammatory activity

Performance and Security Enhancement of AODV Protocol under Black Hole Attack

As in the convention of the wireless there are two types of wireless networks namely with base station (cell phone technology) and adhoc networks without base station. As adhoc networks play an important role in military based applications as centralized base station cannot be placed. So, the adhoc networks came into existence. As in the conventional adhoc networks the routing protocols are AODV. The AODV is based on IEEE802.11 the AODV uses destination based routing. As AODV cannot withstand blackhole attack. So the SAODV came into existence. In this paper we will present multihop adhoc networks and then the security for AODV is discussed. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15024

A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON PRESCRIBING TRENDS AND ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN STROKE PATIENTS

Objective: To evaluate medication use pattern and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among stroke patients admitted in Neurology department of a multi-speciality hospital.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 mo, in a 750 bedded multi-speciality hospital in Bangalore. The clinical pharmacist analysed the medication use pattern and occurrence of ADRs in stroke patients.Results: Out of 100 patients, 75% had an ischemic stroke and 25% had a hemorrhagic stroke. The incidence of stroke was found to be higher in males (66%) compared to females (34%). Most of the patients were of the age group>60 y (52%). The common risk factors for stroke were hypertension (31%), diabetes (24%), and dyslipidemia (21%). The average number of drugs prescribed per patient was 7.67±3.1. The most common class of drugs prescribed were antihypertensives (14.3%), neuroprotectors (14.1%), antiplatelets (11.5%) and antihyperlipidemic (10.4%). Aspirin monotherapy was more prevalent in this study. Only 4 patients received thrombolytics. During the study, a total of 18 ADRs were reported from 14 patients (18%). Amlodipine (16.6%) and fondaparinux (11%) were the more frequent to cause ADRs. The most common reactions were bleeding (33.3%), pedal edema (16.6%) and headache (11.1%).Conclusion: The study helps to identify drug utilization pattern and in addition to monitor adverse drug reactions among stroke patients. The study also emphasises the need for creating awareness regarding early recognition of stroke symptoms, which helps to prevent the occurrence of stroke

Analisis Karakteristik Gelombang Dan Pasang Surut Pada Daerah Pantai Paal Kecamatan Likupang Timur Kabupaten Minahasa Utara

Pengelolaan wilayah pantai sangatlah penting dalam mempertahankan bentuknya dimana wilayah pantai berperan khusus dalam bidang rekreasi, pelabuhan, navigasi, dan lain sebagainya. Pantai Paal yang merupakan salah satu wilayah pantai yang berpotensi sebagai daerah wisata. Oleh sebab itu dalam pengembangan dan pengamanan daerah pesisir serta perlindungan penduduk maka perlu mengetahui karakteristik gelombang dan pasang surut yang terjadi di pantai tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini perlu dilakukan pendekatan teori dan analisis transformasi gelombang yang terjadi di kawasan pantai Paal. Peramalan gelombang dihitung dengan metode hindcasting gelombang berdasarkan data angin selama 10 tahun dari stasiun BMG Bitung untuk mendapatkan tinggi dan periode gelombang signifikan. Serta menentukan komponnen, tipe pasang surut, elevasi muka air laut yang terjadi Pantai Paal dengan Metode Admiralty dimana data pasang surut yang digunakan ialah data pengukuran yang dilakukakan selama 15 hari. Dari hasil perhitungan gelombang di perairan Bulo Rerer didominasi oleh gelombang arah Tenggara dengan gelombang maksimum terjadi pada bulan Juli 2006 dengan H = 1.230 m dan T = 4.698 det. Koefisien refraksi yang terjadi berkisar antara 0.997 sampai 1.446 dan koefisien shoaling yang terjadi berkisar pada 0.857 sampai 1.148. Tinggi gelombang yang didapat dari hasil perhitungan berkisar pada 1.051 sampai 1.220 m pada kedalaman 1 m sampai 25 m. memiliki pasang surut tipe Harian Ganda (semidiurnal) dengan elevasi muka air laut tinggi tertinggi (HHWL) terjadi sebesar 360 cm dan elevasi muka air laut rendah terendah (LLWL) terjadi sebesar 20 cm

A Location Based Value Prediction for Quality of Web Service

The number of web services with functionality increases, the service users usually depends on web recommendation systems. Now a days the service users pay more importance on non functional properties which are also known as Quality of Service (QoS) while finding and selecting appropriate web services. Collaborative filtering approach predicts the QoS values of the web services effectively. Existing recommendation systems rarely consider the personalized influence of the users and services in determining the similarity between users and services. The proposed system is a ranking oriented hybrid approach which integrates user-based and item-based QoS predictions. Many of the non-functional properties depends on the user and the service location. The system thus employs the location information of users and services in selecting similar neighbors for the target user and service and thereby making personalized service recommendation for service users

A comparative kinetic study on β-amylase and its antioxidant property in germinated and non germinated seeds of Glycine max. L

Enzyme activity plays a key role in each stage of plant development starting from the initial seed germination responses. A comparative analysis of beta amylase activity was performed, isolated from germinated and non germinated Glycine max seeds, which was partially purified by dialysis. The optimum pH and temperature for germinated seeds was found to be 4.5 and 370 C and that for non germinated seeds were 5.5 and 750 C respectively. MnCl2 and CoCl2 exhibited marked activating effect on the enzyme, while HgCl2 was a potent inhibitor for both seeds. The Km and Vmax value for β-amylase with soluble starch as substrate was found to be 3.03mg/ml and 6.6micromol/min/ml for germinated seed and for non germinated seeds it was found to be 5mg/m and 10micromole/min/ml respectively. The molecular weight of partially purified enzyme was 57±1kDa on SDS PAGE with 1.918 fold purification and 27.98% yield for germinated seeds and for non germinated seeds the purification fold was 1.507 with 26.65% yield. The enzyme showed highest amount of total antioxidant activity of 304µg/ml in partially purified germinated seed. For ABTS free radical scavenging activity, partially purified enzyme from germinated seed showed the highest of 76.09% activity with an IC50 value of 58.20µg/ml. Germinated seeds have highest enzymatic activity which can be considered for several industrial purposes

Tracing footprints for a greener tomorrow; A cross-sectional study to assess the carbon footprint of the urban households of Vijayapura city

Background: The concept of carbon footprint is rooted in measuring the volume of greenhouse gases, predominantly carbon dioxide (CO2), resulting from human activities. India has witnessed a significant surge in greenhouse gas emissions due to rapid economic growth and population expansion, making it the world's third-largest CO2 emitter. This upsurge intensifies the natural greenhouse effect, leading to global temperature rise, ocean acidification, and heightened risks to human health. Objectives: To assess the Carbon Footprint generated by urban households of Vijayapura. Material and methods: This study employs a cross-sectional approach targeting urban households residing within the operational area of the urban health center in BLDE(DU), Vijayapura City. The sample, comprising 150 households, was selected via systematic random sampling. Data was collected through household visits and interviews with the family heads using a semi-structured questionnaire. and analyzed utilizing SPSS Software Version 26. Results: The analysis of carbon emissions highlights that primary emissions surpass secondary emissions. Notably, households categorized under the upper socioeconomic class exhibit a statistically significant carbon emission rate of approximately 39.47 tonnes per month. Conclusion: This study's assessment of the carbon footprint emanating from urban households illuminates the pivotal connection between day-to-day choices and the broader ecological context

A Federated Consensus for Proof of Authority in IoT-Blockchain Applications

The growing adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the need for secure and scalable blockchain applications pose significant challenges in the realm of consensus protocols. This paper proposes a novel consensus mechanism called Federated Consensus for Proof of Authority (Fed-PoA), which combines the advantages of Proof of Authority (PoA) and federated learning to achieve secure and scalable IoT-Blockchain applications. The Fed-PoA ensures efficient data sharing, privacy preservation, and decentralized operation. Performance evaluation of this model in a simulated environment demonstrates superior convergence and memory usage compared to a representative work in this context

Novel Fluconazole Derivatives with Promising Antifungal Activity

The fungistatic nature and toxicity concern associated with the azole drugs currently on the market have resulted in an increased demand for new azole antifungal agents for which these problematic characteristics do not exist. The extensive use of azoles has resulted in fungal strains capable of resisting the action of these drugs. Herein, we report the synthesis and antifungal activities of novel fluconazole (FLC) analogues with alkyl-, aryl-, cycloalkyl-, and dialkyl-amino substituents. We evaluated their antifungal activity by MIC determination and time-kill assay as well as their safety profile by hemolytic activity against murine erythrocytes as well as cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. The best compounds from our study exhibited broad-spectrum activity against most of the fungal strains tested, with excellent MIC values against a number of clinical isolates. The most promising compounds were found to be less hemolytic than the least hemolytic FDA-approved azole antifungal agent voriconazole (VOR). Finally, we demonstrated that the synthetic alkyl-amino FLC analogues displayed chain-dependent fungal membrane disruption as well as inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis as possible mechanisms of action