An intelligent system for improving the process of hydromechanical extrusion

An intelligent software system is developed for improving the process of hydromechanical extrusion enabling semi-fluid friction of the bar on the container walls and on the die mouth to be created, thus providing a favorable action of friction forces due to the fact that the velocity of the lubricant layer exceeds that of the bar. Herewith, extrusion pressure and the degree of strain inhomogeneity decrease significantly, and the bar-tool contact decreases, this being particularly relevant for metals adhering to the tool. © 2019 Author(s)

Information search subsystem for intellectual system of improvement of pressure processing processes

The software for the information retrieval subsystem of the intelligent system for optimizing pressure processing processes was developed. The solution to the problem of finding information on the Internet comes down to finding key information. Algorithms for solving the problem and work results are presented. The advantages and disadvantages are shown in comparison with existing approaches. A program that implements a search algorithm is proposed. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Experiment planning subsystem for intellectual system of improvement of pressure processing processes

The approaches proposed by statistical engineering to solving the problem of obtaining powder products with specified properties are considered. The planning of experimental investigations of different powder mixtures with varying parameters of technological processes is performed. The aim is to reduce the number of conducted experiments providing required accuracy of obtained models. A selection between linear additive, nonlinear and linearized models is made. An iterative procedure for obtaining models that consider mutual influence of powder mixture composition and technological process parameters is considered. © 2021 Author(s).Russian Science Foundation, RSF, (22-79-00141)This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project number 22-79-00141)

Multi-criteria optimization of metal pressure processes using experiment planning methods

The main task of designing a technology of metal processing by pressure is accurate prediction and ensuring the desired properties of the finished product. However, they often encounter a situation when it is impossible to simultaneously ensure the optimal value of all process parameters and the resulting properties of the finished product. In this case, it is necessary to make an informed decision regarding the assignment of certain numerical values of these parameters. This article proposes to use the mathematical apparatus of experimental planning methods to implement multi-criteria optimization of metal pressure processes. Applying of correlation analysis, function of desirability and a priori ranking by the example of optimization of parameters of the process of hydromechanical extrusion of hard-to-deform alloys is shown. Results of multi-criteria optimization of the process of hydromechanical extrusion of bar blanks from aluminum alloy AMg5 (analog of Al-5056) with the purpose of minimizing the extrusion force, deformation non-uniformity and damage index of the resulting product are presented. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Review of the features of augmented reality application in the training of operators and maintenance staff

An overview of the use of augmented reality technology used to improve the training efficiency of operators and service personnel in the industry is presented. When considering the issues of building augmented reality systems, it was noted that in addition to technological issues, it is also essential to pay increased attention to the social aspect, especially if it is intended to apply augmented reality technology in multiplayer mode. A common environment in the interaction of several participants can disrupt the sense of identity of users, as well as potentially threaten the feeling of personal space and the sensation of physical objects. It is necessary to take into account the cognitive load theory and the schematic theoretical model of concreteness fading. The advantage of using augmented reality is to reduce human errors and improve the quality of training. For the use of augmented reality in the absence of a reliable network connection and the availability of only short communication sessions, the use of special tickets is proposed. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Augmented reality for SCADA

Questions of construction of the Augmented Reality for application in SCADA-systems are considered. It is marked, that last years researchers from Russia actively started studying this branch. The author considers the augmented reality in a section of a reality-virtuality continuum taking into account restrictions of memory of the operator and social aspect of application augmented reality. Recommendations on environmental analysis and reading of data from display devices are given. The greatest efficiency of application augmented reality is seen in joint activity and carrying out of works which demand coordinated work. The necessity of the further researches for developing of network architecture, safety, confidentiality and protection against extraneous intervention is noted. Advantage of augmented reality is reuse of software, databases and knowledge. At the replacement of maintenance staff and users of SCADA-system there is no need to teach them all the knowledge and skills at once. They will receive them directly in the process of application. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Augmented reality on the Internet of Things

The directions of augmented reality development in the sphere of production are considered. The advantage of this technology over virtual reality is given. Security is indicated as the main problem of the Internet of Things concept. MQTT protocol is indicated as an opportunity to correct this problem globally for application at companies. When considering the visualization of large amounts of data obtained through the Internet of things, it is indicated that augmented reality is well suited. Thanks to it, a person, directly looking at the desired object, is able to see all the necessary information about its work in real time. © 2021 Author(s).Russian Science Foundation, RSF, (21-19-00279)This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 21-19-00279)

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 influence on metabolic activity and proteoglycan synthesis by intervertebral disc cells

Modern therapeutic strategies for intervertebral disc repair mainly focus on targeting molecular pathways of extracellular matrix degeneration. Anabolic strategies for regeneration are aimed to increase production of major extracellular molecules. Members of TGF-b superfamily proteins, particularly the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) have a high regenerative potential regarding the mesenchymal cells. The goal of this study is to study production of proteoglycans by the intervertebral disc cells under the influence of bone morphogenetic protein 2. Material and methods. The experiment was carried out on the cell cultures derived from the annulus fibrosis cells and nucleus pulposus cells of the human intervertebral disc. We studied cell livability, metabolic activity and proteoglycan expression. Cell livability was assessed using the trypan blue staining. Alamar blue test was used for the estimation of metabolic activity. Amount of sulfated glycosaminoglycans was assessed using the assay based on the reaction with 1,9-Dimethylmethylene Blue. Results. Cultivation with bone morphogenetic protein 2 in different concentrations did not decrease livability of the cells. Study cell cultures with application of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in different concentrations showed significant increase in metabolic activity and proteoglycan synthesis by the annulus fibrosis cells. Despite the relative increase in the number of the nucleus pulposus cells treated with the bone morphogenetic protein 2, the differences in metabolic and synthetic activity compared with control group was not significant. Conclusion. The bone morphogenetic protein 2 has an anabolic effect towards the intervertebral disc cells, particularly in the production of proteoglycans by the annulus fibrosis cells

A RARE CASE OF SUCCESSFUL STAGED SURGERY IN THE PATIENT WITH JOINED STENOSIS OF THE VERTEBRAL CANAL AT THE CERVICAL, THORACIC AND LUMBAR LEVELS

In the present article we describe a clinical example of a successful staged surgical treatment in the patient with rare joined stenosis of the vertebral canal at the cervical, thoracic and lumbar levels, surgical rehabilitation was 24 weeks. In connection with clinical data the first stage included ventral decompression of the cervical department of the spinal cord and spondylodesis by a telescopic prosthesis of a vertebral body, during the second stage through a minithoracotomy with an endovideo-assistance we performed anterolateral decompression of the spinal cord and spondylodesis by a telescopic prosthesis of a vertebral body with a lateral plate, and the third stage consisted of dorsal decompression of a dural bag and roots of the spinal cord, transpedicular fixation with an interbody spondylodesis in a lumbar department of the spine. Applying low-traumatic techniques for decompression and spondylodesis with specialized devices we could decrease level of pain syndrome, degree of neurologic deficiency, improve life quality and carry out effective fixation of three operated on vertebral aspects. Mini-invasive staged microsurgical decompressive stabilizing techniques can be used for successful treatment in patients with joined stenoses in the vertebral canal and also allow to reduce considerable risks for life and to cause full rehabilitation in the shortest possible time

Peritumoral edema at brain meningiomas

Among edema-producing neoplasms of central neural system, the meningiomas are unique. Meningiomas are histologically benign, slow growing and originate extracerebrally. The development of accompanying peritumoral brain edema (PBE) occurs in 40-60 % of meningiomas and often with a high degree of PBE with no obvious relation to the size and histologic features of the meningioma. The aim of our study was to determine the correlation between such parameters as gender, age of the patient, localization of the tumor tissue and the presence/severity of PBE. At meningiomas PBE was present in 70,1 % of patients. Meningioma with the presence of PBE occur more often than tumors without PBE. Olfactory groove tumors have more pronounced degree of PBE, unlike meningiomas of parasagittal localization and the region of the wings of the sphenoid bone. Mixed meningiomas had a greater degree of PBE unlike meningotheliomatozic and fibroblastic variants