Comparison of Allogeneic vs Autologous Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Delivered by Transendocardial Injection in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Noticias recopiladas y seleccionadas del Centro de Noticias de las Naciones Unidas período diciembre 2017-junio 2018.Departamento de Derechos Humanos y Derecho Internacional Humanitario.Instituto de Relaciones Internacionale

Comparison of Allogeneic vs Autologous Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Delivered by Transendocardial Injection in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

CONTEXT: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are under evaluation as a therapy for ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Both autologous and allogeneic MSC therapies are possible; however, their safety and efficacy have not been compared. OBJECTIVE: To test whether allogeneic MSCs are as safe and effective as autologous MSCs in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction due to ICM. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: A phase 1/2 randomized comparison (POSEIDON study) in a US tertiary-care referral hospital of allogeneic and autologous MSCs in 30 patients with LV dysfunction due to ICM between April 2, 2010, and September 14, 2011, with 13-month follow-up. INTERVENTION: Twenty million, 100 million, or 200 million cells (5 patients in each cell type per dose level) were delivered by transendocardial stem cell injection into 10 LV sites. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Thirty-day postcatheterization incidence of predefined treatment-emergent serious adverse events (SAEs). Efficacy assessments included 6-minute walk test, exercise peak [Formula: see text] , Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), New York Heart Association class, LV volumes, ejection fraction (EF), early enhancement defect (EED; infarct size), and sphericity index. RESULTS: Within 30 days, 1 patient in each group (treatment-emergent SAE rate, 6.7%) was hospitalized for heart failure, less than the prespecified stopping event rate of 25%. The 1-year incidence of SAEs was 33.3% (n=5) in the allogeneic group and 53.3% (n=8) in the autologous group (P=.46). At 1 year, there were no ventricular arrhythmia SAEs observed among allogeneic recipients compared with 4 patients (26.7%) in the autologous group (P=.10). Relative to baseline, autologous but not allogeneic MSC therapy was associated with an improvement in the 6-minute walk test and the MLHFQ score, but neither improved exercise [Formula: see text] max. Allogeneic and autologous MSCs reduced mean EED by −33.21% (95% CI, −43.61% to −22.81%; P<.001) and sphericity index but did not increase EF. Allogeneic MSCs reduced LV end-diastolic volumes. Low-dose concentration MSCs (20 million cells) produced greatest reductions in LV volumes and increased EF. Allogeneic MSCs did not stimulate significant donor-specific alloimmune reactions. CONCLUSIONS: In this early-stage study of patients with ICM, transendocardial injection of allogeneic and autologous MSCs without a placebo control were both associated with low rates of treatment-emergent SAEs, including immunologic reactions. In aggregate, MSC injection favorably affected patient functional capacity, quality of life, and ventricular remodeling. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT0108799

Transendocardial Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Mononuclear Bone Marrow Cells for Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

IMPORTANCE: Whether culture expanded mesenchymal stem cells or whole bone marrow mononuclear cells are safe and effective in chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the safety of transendocardial stem cell injection with autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and whole bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. DESIGN, SETTING AND PATIENTS: A phase 1 and 2 randomized blinded placebo-controlled study involving 65 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction less than50%(September 1, 2009-July 12, 2013). The study compared injection of MSCs (N=19) and placebo (N=11) or BMCs (N=19) with placebo (N=10) with 1-year of follow up. INTERVENTIONS: Injections into 10 LV sites with an infusion catheter. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Treatment-emergent 30 day serious adverse event rate defined as composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for worsening heart failure, perforation, tamponade or sustained ventricular arrhythmias. RESULTS: No patient had a treatment-emergent serious adverse events at day 30. The 1-year incidence of serious adverse events was 31.6% (95% CI, 12.6%-56.6%) for MSCs, 31.6% (95% CI, 12.6%-56.6%) for BMCs, and 38.1% (95% CI, 18.1%-61.6%) for placebo. Over 1-year the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLHF) score improved with MSCs (repeated measures ANOVA P= .02) and BMCs (P= .005) but not placebo (P= .38), and 6-minute walk distance increased with MSCs only (repeated measures model P= .03). Infarct size as a percentage of LV Mass was reduced by MSCs (-18.9%; 95% CI, -30.4 to -7.4; within-group P= .004) but not by BMCs (-7.0%; 95% CI, -15.7%-1.7%; within-group P= .11) or placebo (-5.2; 95% CI, -16.8%-6.5%; within-group P=.36). Regional myocardial function as peak Eulerian circumferential strain at the site of injection improved with MSCs (-4.9; 95% CI, -13.3-3.5; within-group repeated measures P=.03) but not BMCs (-2.1; 95% CI -5.5-1.3; P=.21) or placebo (-0.03; 95% CI, -1.9-1.9; P=.14). Left ventricular chamber volume and ejection fraction did not change. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Transendocardial stem cell injection with MSCs or BMCs appeared to be safe for patients with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy and LV dysfunction. Although the sample size and multiple comparisons preclude a definitive statement about safety and clinical effect, these results provide the basis for larger studies to provide definitive evidence about safety and to assess efficacy of this new therapeutic approach