Comparisons of predictors for typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Kolkata, India-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Comparisons of predictors for typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Kolkata, India"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/7/289</p><p>BMC Public Health 2007;7():289-289.</p><p>Published online 12 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2099435.</p><p></p

Comparisons of predictors for typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Kolkata, India-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Comparisons of predictors for typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Kolkata, India"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/7/289</p><p>BMC Public Health 2007;7():289-289.</p><p>Published online 12 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2099435.</p><p></p

Association of physician’s characteristics and knowledge regarding diarrhea with rationality of antibiotic use for diarrheal management (N^a = 264).

<p>Association of physician’s characteristics and knowledge regarding diarrhea with rationality of antibiotic use for diarrheal management (N<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0123479#t002fn002" target="_blank">^a</a> = 264).</p

Distribution of the characteristics and diarrheal management practices among participating physicians (N = 264^a).

<p>Distribution of the characteristics and diarrheal management practices among participating physicians (N = 264<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0123479#t001fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>).</p

Association of physician’s characteristics and knowledge regarding diarrhea with rationality of fluid management and laboratory testing practices while treating diarrhea cases (N^a = 264).

<p>Association of physician’s characteristics and knowledge regarding diarrhea with rationality of fluid management and laboratory testing practices while treating diarrhea cases (N<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0123479#t003fn001" target="_blank">^a</a> = 264).</p

Age distribution.

<p>Age –wise distribution of rotavirus-positive Case and Control children (0–5 years) against total collected samples during January 2008 through December 2010.</p

A and B. Phylogenetic trees of the G4 and P[6] strains of Kolkata.

<p>Phylogenetic trees constructed from the nucleotide sequences of VP7 genes of A. G4; and VP4 genes of B. P<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0112970#pone.0112970-Lanata1" target="_blank">[6]</a> strains of Kolkata, isolated during January 2008 through December 2010, with other representative G4 and P<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0112970#pone.0112970-Lanata1" target="_blank">[6]</a> strains respectively. All G4 strains indicated its genetic relatedness with the porcine or porcine-like human G4 strains. Scale bar, 0.05 substitutions per nucleotide. Bootstrap values less than 70% are not shown.</p

A and B. Phylogenetic trees of the G9 and G12 strains of Kolkata.

<p>Phylogenetic trees constructed from the nucleotide sequences of VP7 genes of A. G9; B. G12 strains of Kolkata, isolated during January 2008 through December 2010, with other representative G9 and G12 strains respectively. A. All Kolkata G9 strains showed relatedness to lineage III G9 strains. (**Sub cluster of Japanese and Chinese rotavirus strains). B. All Kolkata G12 strains clustered with lineage III G12 strains. Scale bar, 0.05 substitutions per nucleotide. Bootstrap values less than 70% are not shown.</p

Temporal distribution of <i>S.</i> Typhi haplotypes.

<p>Monthly frequency of <i>S.</i> Typhi coloured by haplotype (haplotypes defined in <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001490#pntd-0001490-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>). Vaccines were administered in December 2004 (indicated by arrows) to approximately two thirds of the study population. (A) <i>S.</i> Typhi isolated from typhoid fever patients in geographical clusters assigned to Vi vaccine. (B) <i>S.</i> Typhi isolated from typhoid fever patients in geographical clusters assigned to hepatitis A vaccine.</p

<i>S.</i> Typhi haplotypes identified by SNP typing.

<p>Rooted phylogenetic tree indicating <i>S.</i> Typhi haplotypes defined by assayed SNPs, scale as indicated. Haplotypes identified among 372 Kolkata isolates are labeled in black, the number of detected isolates for each haplotype is indicated by bars according to the scale at the bottom. Bars are coloured to indicate major haplotypes, as in <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001490#pntd-0001490-g002" target="_blank">Figures 2</a>, <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001490#pntd-0001490-g003" target="_blank">3</a>. The H58 haplogroup is highlighted in grey, and is further divided into two major lineages I and II as indicated.</p