Prognostic value of simple frailty and malnutrition screening tools in patients with acute heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction

Background: Frailty and malnutrition are common in patients with heart failure (HF), and are associated with adverse outcomes. We studied the prognostic value of three malnutrition and three frailty indices in patients admitted acutely to hospital with HF. Methods: 265 consecutive patients [62% males, median age 80 (interquartile range (IQR): 72–86) years, median NTproBNP 3633 (IQR: 2025–6407) ng/l] admitted with HF between 2013 and 2014 were enrolled. Patients were screened for frailty using the Derby frailty index (DFI), acute frailty network (AFN) frailty criteria, and clinical frailty scale (CFS) and for malnutrition using the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and prognostic nutritional index (PNI). Results: According to the CFS (> 4), DFI, and AFN, 53, 50, and 53% were frail, respectively. According to the GNRI (≤ 98), CONUT score (> 4), and PNI (≤ 38), 46, 46, and 42% patients were malnourished, respectively. During a median follow-up of 598 days (IQR 319–807 days), 113 patients died. One year mortality was 1% for those who were neither frail nor malnourished; 15% for those who were either malnourished or frail; and 65% for those who were both malnourished and frail. Amongst the malnutrition scores, PNI, and amongst the frailty scores, CFS increased model performance most compared with base model. A final model, including CFS and PNI, increased c-statistic for mortality prediction from 0.68 to 0.84. Conclusion: Worsening frailty and malnutrition indices are strongly related to worse outcome in patients hospitalised with HF

Risco nutricional e complicações em obesos hospitalizados submetidos à cirurgia Nutritional risk and complications in hospitalized obese patient submitted to surgery

RACIONAL: Risco nutricional mede o potencial de morbimortalidade associado ao estado nutricional. A obesidade é um distúrbio nutricional cada vez mais presente em hospitais gerais e pode estar acompanhada de alteração nutricional com conseqüências prejudiciais à evolução clínica do doente, além de ser fator associado a complicações pós-operatórias e morte. OBJETIVO: Identificar o risco nutricional através da ferramenta de triagem nutricional Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool e verificar o desfecho de complicações pós-operatórias, buscando associação entre risco nutricional e obesidade. MÉTODOS: Avaliaram-se 433 pacientes adultos hospitalizados em enfermarias cirúrgicas variadas, Na admissão hospitalar mediu-se peso e altura corpóreos. Aplicou-se a triagem nutricional após definição da obesidade pelo Índice de Massa Corpórea (Kg/m2) e classificação em grau I (30-34,99 Kg/m2); grau II (35-39,99 Kg/m2); grau III (±40,00 Kg/m²). Os pacientes foram seguidos até a alta hospitalar ou óbito para acompanhar sua evolução clínica. RESULTADOS: Dentre os pacientes avaliados, 17,1% foram obesos. O risco nutricional nos pacientes obesos foi 23%. Ocorreram complicações em pacientes das enfermarias cirúrgicas de esôfago, vias biliares, vascular, cabeça e pescoço. As complicações apresentadas incluíram infecções pulmonares, de parede abdominal e urinária, fístulas gastrintestinal, biliar e pancreática, insuficiência respiratória, atelectasia lobar, e sangramento pós-operatório. CONCLUSÕES: Obesos hospitalizados podem apresentam risco nutricional sendo a obesidade grau I a mais freqüente entre eles em hospital geral. Houve associação positiva entre risco nutricional e freqüência de complicações justificando triagem nutricional na admissão hospitalar como rotina, incluindo pacientes com sobrepeso e obesidade.<br>BACKGROUND: Nutritional risk measures the morbid-mortality potential associated to nutritional state. Obesity represents a nutritional disorder frequently in general hospital in nowadays and it may be associated with nutritional alteration, presenting prejudicial consequences to patient clinical outcome, besides being a factor related to postoperatory complications and death. AIM: To identify nutritional risk using Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool and verify the results from postoperatory complications, correlating nutritional risks and obesity. METHODS: Total of 433 adults patients hospitalized in general surgical ward were evaluated. At admission, patients were measured on body weight and height. Nutritional screening was applied after obesity definition using Body Mass Index as parameter (Kg/m²), classified in grade I (30-34,99 Kg/m²); grade II (35-39,99 Kg/m²); grade III (>40,00 Kg/m²). Follow-up patients were conducted until patient's discharge or eventual death. RESULTS: Among patients submitted to the study, 17,1% were considered obese. Nutritional risk in obese patients was verified in 23%. Complications presented during hospital staying were related to esophagus, biliary tract, vascular, head, and neck. Infections complications were pulmonary, abdominal wall, and urinary tract. Complications due to fistulas were located in gastrointestinal tract, biliary tract, and pancreas. Others complications consisted of respiratory insufficiency, lobar atelectasis, and postoperatory bleeding. CONCLUSION: Hospitalized obese patients might present nutritional risk, being obesity grade I the more frequently one in general hospital. Positive association between nutritional risk and complication frequency was verified in the present study, justifying by the nutritional screening at the hospital admission as routinely, including overweight and obese patients