Lactate and ethanol productions by Rhizopus oryzae ATCC 9363 and activities of related pyruvate branch point enzymes

In Rhizopus oryzae cultivations, lactate production decreased and ethanol and biomass productions increased as inoculated spore concentration increased. Spore concentrations of 1x10(3) and 1x10(4) spores ml(-1) induced tightly packed clumps, whereas 1x10(5) and 1 X 10(6) spores ml(-1) induced filamentous growth

Processing of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) shell autohydrolysis liquor for production of low molecular weight xylooligosaccharides by Aureobasidium pullulans NRRL Y-2311-1 xylanase

Buyukkileci, Ali Oguz/0000-0002-0784-0008WOS:000619116700004In this study, a versatile process for the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) with a low degree of polymerization (DP 2-6) from hazelnut shells was designed. This process included autohydrolysis integrated with sequential enzymatic hydrolysis by crude xylanase produced with Aureobasidium pullulans NRRL Y-2311-1 from wheat bran. Autohydrolysis of hazelnut shells was carried out at a solid:liquid ratio of 1:6 (w/w) and 190 degrees C nonisothermally. The effects of several parameters on enzymatic hydrolysis of the autohydrolysis liquor were determined. The maximum XOS (DP 2-6) production was 22.5 g/L which was obtained at pH 5.0 and 40 degrees C using enzyme concentration of 240 U/g XOS and substrate concentration of 72 g/L. Under these conditions, 31.29 % of the substrate (total XOS) was converted to low-DP-XOS; xylobiose and xylotriose are being the major oligomers. This is the first study on the application of A. pullulans xylanase in production of xylooligomers from hazelnut shells.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey-TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TOVAG 213O126, TOVAG 112O521]This work was financially supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey-TUBITAK (Project Numbers: TOVAG 213O126 and TOVAG 112O521)

Temperature and Glycerol Formation: A Proposal to Explain the Causal Relationship Based on Glycolytic Enzyme Activities

Most yeast strains produce glycerol in larger quantities when cultivated at higher temperatures, which likely explains why red wines contain higher amounts of glycerol than white wines. In this work, we used a kinetic and thermodynamic approach to suggest a mechanistic explanation for this phenomenon. We began with a glycolytic model of the kinetics of the individual enzymes. The effects of temperature and ethanol on the apparent kinetics of individual enzymes were then determined and incorporated into the model. The activation energy for each enzyme was determined with the Arrhenius equation. The enzymes in the upper part of the glycolytic pathway were found to be more dependent on the temperature than those in the lower part. The model, as improved by these changes, could qualitatively simulate the ethanol and glycerol production curves and the production of more glycerol at higher temperatures. We propose that the differences in the temperature dependence of the enzymes around the glycerol branch are the reason for glycerol accumulation at higher temperatures

Screening of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Advanced Lines under Organic Management in Turkey

The breeding research of soybean (Glycine max L.) began with advanced lines of “Soybean Breeding Project” supported by MFAL-GDAR in 2013 under organic management for comparing grain legume crops of organic breeding programme of COBRA (Coordinating Organic Plant Breeding Activities for Diversity) project because of priority for this species to be produced organically in Turkey for organic sector at Organic Open Field Experimental Area of AARI located in the Mediterranean Region. Main objective of the research is screening the advanced lines of soybean genotypes under organic management to determine appropriate, adapted and stable line/s of breeding programme. For this purpose, trials of 6 advanced lines of second crop soybean genotypes were set up successive two years in 2013 and 2014 during summer season. The trials of 6 soybean lines and 2 registered varieties in year 1 and 2 showed that many lines in terms of grain yield and some of yield components such as 100-seed weight, number of pod per plant, plant height, and number of days to flowering, number of lateral branch were significantly different and superior to standard registered varieties of AARI which have been produced in different parts of Turkey mainly in Aegean and South East Anatolia Regions. Additionally, min. and max. seed protein contents of soybean lines ranged as 31.8-41.2% in 2013 and 32.9-43.1% in 2014, respectively. Protein contents were found remarkable in terms of advanced lines especially for three genotypes which were showed higher contents than registered varieties although data was not determined significantly different, statistically. It is found that there is strong possibility and encouraging results to obtain high yielding and quality soybean varieties suitable for organic farming