Assessment of job satisfaction among health workers in a tertiary hospital in Zaria, Northern Nigeria

Background: One of the best ways to strengthen the already weak health system in Nigeria is human capacity development; particularly if the country is to attain the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. It is therefore imperative to identify those factors that affects job satisfaction in the health sector in order to minimize migration of skilled health workers. Objectives: This study was conductedto determine the level of and factors affecting job satisfaction and retention of health professionals working in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika. Methodology: The study was a cross sectional descriptive study and stratified sampling technique was used to select 208 health workers. A structured, self-administered Job satisfaction survey questionnaire was used. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19 was used for analysis. Result: The response rate was 69%, mean age of respondents was 35 years ±8 SD. The mean years of service was 6.5 years ± 8.4 SD, mean number of working hours per week was 43 ± 9 SD and the mean monthly income was N164,106.9 ±N64,577.1 SD. The overall satisfaction of the respondents was 71.6 % while co-worker satisfaction was 60.1%. There was no statistically significant association between socio-demographic data of respondents and job satisfaction. All the components of job satisfaction were found to be statistically significantly associated (service p=0.001, Professionalism p=0.002, Income p=0.031, Competence/Training p=0.005, Work-related stress p=0.001, Management p=0.001, Orientation p=0.005). Conclusion: Professionalism, competency and training, work-related stress, orientation, occupation and income were found to be important determinants of job satisfaction. The overall job satisfaction was high. The identified determinants of job satisfaction will help the hospital management to increase their employee's job satisfaction. Key words: Job satisfaction, health workers, determinants of job satisfaction, Kaduna, Nigeri

Determinants of women's satisfaction with maternal health care: a review of literature from developing countries.

BACKGROUND: Developing countries account for 99 percent of maternal deaths annually. While increasing service availability and maintaining acceptable quality standards, it is important to assess maternal satisfaction with care in order to make it more responsive and culturally acceptable, ultimately leading to enhanced utilization and improved outcomes. At a time when global efforts to reduce maternal mortality have been stepped up, maternal satisfaction and its determinants also need to be addressed by developing country governments. This review seeks to identify determinants of women's satisfaction with maternity care in developing countries. METHODS: The review followed the methodology of systematic reviews. Public health and social science databases were searched. English articles covering antenatal, intrapartum or postpartum care, for either home or institutional deliveries, reporting maternal satisfaction from developing countries (World Bank list) were included, with no year limit. Out of 154 shortlisted abstracts, 54 were included and 100 excluded. Studies were extracted onto structured formats and analyzed using the narrative synthesis approach. RESULTS: Determinants of maternal satisfaction covered all dimensions of care across structure, process and outcome. Structural elements included good physical environment, cleanliness, and availability of adequate human resources, medicines and supplies. Process determinants included interpersonal behavior, privacy, promptness, cognitive care, perceived provider competency and emotional support. Outcome related determinants were health status of the mother and newborn. Access, cost, socio-economic status and reproductive history also influenced perceived maternal satisfaction. Process of care dominated the determinants of maternal satisfaction in developing countries. Interpersonal behavior was the most widely reported determinant, with the largest body of evidence generated around provider behavior in terms of courtesy and non-abuse. Other aspects of interpersonal behavior included therapeutic communication, staff confidence and competence and encouragement to laboring women. CONCLUSIONS: Quality improvement efforts in developing countries could focus on strengthening the process of care. Special attention is needed to improve interpersonal behavior, as evidence from the review points to the importance women attach to being treated respectfully, irrespective of socio-cultural or economic context. Further research on maternal satisfaction is required on home deliveries and relative strength of various determinants in influencing maternal satisfaction