The SWOT Analysis of the Romanian Health Care System

The complexity of the problem the national health care program confronts with and which must be solved through the measures of the respective reform lead to a SWOT analysis, particularly for this reform. The strong points consists of the voting And coming into force of the Law concerning the health care reform, the large number of services suppliers, for every type of medical assistance, the existence of medical excellence centres leading to an afflux of patients, regardless of the area where they live. The implementation of the hospital financing system - DRG – financing based on solved case – represented a process approved through a MH project that has benefited from the financial support of the European Union, through PHARE 2003 program. The Romanian health care system consists of the following weak points: - The necessity to increase the financing level of the Romanian health care system; - The lack of a unique integrated information system; - The lack of real self-sufficiency; - The high rate of infectious and chronic diseases; - The rate of problems related to the lack of knowledge of related servicesindicators system, SWOT analysis, strong points, weak points, financing health care, health care expenditure.

Business management in the era of rasulullah s.a.w from the prespectives of al-Quran and hadith / Zanirah Mustafa@Busu

Business or trade (tijarah) is a profession which is encouraged and recognized by Islam as an important profession in the human life. Business and trade is not only seen as an important element for individuals, it also plays an important role in community and the nation. Rasulullah SAW and his companions were the famous traders during the highlighted era of Islam. Rasulullah SAW had shown good examples in the business and trade profession. All business transactions need to be done in accordance to the principals of Islamic business management in order to abide the rules of Allah. Therefore, Islam has created the guidelines for the activities of muamalat which is in accordance with the fitrah. The main goal in the life of a Muslim is to seek the blessings of Allah and become a servant that pleases Allah SWT. Islam also stresses that effort is an important key in performing any types of deed

Health care system – concept and importance

Health care systems are designed to meet the health care needs of target populations. There are a wide variety of health care systems around the world. In some countries, the health care system has evolved and has not been planned, whereas in others a concerted effort has been made by governments, trade unions, charities, religious, or other coordinated bodies to deliver planned health care services targeted to the populations they serve. In Romania in 2001 health expenditures were equal to 6.5 percent of gross domestic product. In 2005 there were 1.9 physicians and 7.4 hospital beds per 1,000 people. The system has been funded by the National Health Care Insurance Fund, to which employers and employees make mandatory contributions. Private health insurance has developed slowly. Because of low public funding, about 36 percent of the population’s health care spending is out-of-pocket.health care, finances, insurance, hospital care, investments efficiency

HEALTHCARE ECONOMICS AS METHOD OF RENDERING THE ACTIVITY EFFECTIVE

The issue of healthcare economics analysis should be started from the concept and the particularities within this important area of economic life - social. In the present conditions of limited resources and the needs that continue to multiply and diversify, in the context of stiff competition in any field, the issues of competitiveness and rationalization of any human activities becomes very important. In what follows the authors will examine some significant aspects regarding the healthcare economics, such as healthcare costs, ethics and objects of the healthcare economics, contributions for the fundamentals and development of the healthcare economics etc.healthcare economics, public healthcare, performance, quality, standards of living.

Indicators of healthcare system, an important element of SWOT sistemic analysis in this area

The complexity of indicator’s system derives from the very complexity of the health concept as defined by the World Health Organization that "Health is that state of good : physical, mental, social and consists not only in the absence of disease or infirmity". The indicators should cover both aspects of financing health services, technical equipment, human resources in healthcare, quality of healthcare services, issues that affect health, but also short and long term effects of work in this area. The paper analyzes the main indicators characterizing the health system in Romania, aimed at identifying potential strengths and its weaknesses.healthcare system, indicators, efficiency, competitiveness

A Study of Job Satisfaction among Teachers

The main purpose of this study is to examine the job satisfaction among teachers in the remote area of Sik, Kedah. Based on the objectives, several factors had been identified in influencing the job satisfaction of the teachers involved. The factors are personal factors that comprise age, gender, working experience and personality as well as organizational factors, which consist of workload, promotion and administrative supervision. These factors seem to be influencing job satisfaction. The data was collected from 73 respondents by using a structured questionnaire. The data was then analyzed using the SPSS Version 12.0 software.There were seven main hypotheses that were tested using correlation analysis. Results of the study indicate that there exists significant relationships between administrative supervision and job satisfaction (beta value = .462, p .01 – significant relationship), between workload and job satisfaction (beta value = .675, p .01 – significant relationship), between personality and job satisfaction (beta value = .574, p .01 – significant relationship) , between promotion and job satisfaction (beta value = .271, p .05 – significant relationship), and finally between gender and job satisfaction (beta value = .281, p .05). Results of the study also indicated that there exists a significant relationship with a negative value between age and job satisfaction(beta value = -.279, p .05 - significant relationship), as well as between working experience and job satisfaction (beta value = -.262, p .05 - significant relationship). Based on the results, all the factors do influence job satisfaction in both a positive and negative way. Therefore, all the factors should be taken into account and consideration when any suggestion or plan is to be made on the teachers’ job satisfaction. This is to ensure that the teachers will deliver the best services to their students, thus contributing to the development of the nation through human capital development

Building an Optimal Portfolio Consisting of two Assets and Its Efficient Frontier

In modern portfolio theory, it is common practice to first compute the risk-reward efficient frontier and then to support an individual investor in selecting a portfolio that meets his/her preferences for profitability and risk. Potential flaws include (a) the assumption that past data provide sufficient evidence for predicting the future performances of the securities under consideration and (b) the necessity to mathematically determine or approximate the investor’s utility function. This paper presents the description of the efficient frontier for a portfolio made of two assets. We use data analysis to obtain two clusters, then, we estimate the risk of each asset corresponding to each class we obtained. Thus, we get the best two assets among the ones we analyzed and for which we will construct the efficient frontier. The originality of our paper consists in the combination of classification theory and risk estimation theory to determine the best assets. To illustrate the efficiency of the method we used, we present a case study which makes reference to the stocks listed at Bucharest Stock Exchange. We consider two stocks with the best features from Bucharest Stock Exchange based on the existent correlation that we obtained by data analyses (for classification), and by the evaluation of the loss repartition (for risk estimation), then we construct the efficient frontier for this portfolio.risk, selection of assets, principal components analysis, optimization, efficient frontier

Weathering behaviour of a basaltic regolith from Pahang, Malaysia

The characteristics and degree of weathering in a deep saprolitic regolith developed on basalt were investigated. A 15 m deep regolith of soil-saprolite-rock sequence, located along a new road cut in Pahang, Malaysia, was selected. The intensity of weathering in this regolith was assessed by various weathering indices, as well as by the changes in the physiarchemical properties, clay mineralogy and the microfabric characteristics of the profile. All assessments gave strong evidences of intense weathering, even at the stage of saprock formation. Extreme depletion of major elements such as K, Na, Ga and Mg, and significant enrichment of Fe, Ti, Gu and Nb occurred during saprolitization process, and, these perhaps explain the extreme weathering pattern of this regolith

Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Exposed Saprolites and Their Suitability for Oil Palm Cultivation

The reviews on the management of upland soils for oil palm cultivation have indicated that these soils are poor in fertility and classified as marginal to unsuitable. Our study aimed at investigating the problem, found that saprolites laying below the soil layers are either exposed directly or near to the surface as the result of unavoidable terracing of slopes to enable cropping, rendering poor crop suitability. Samples from three different saprolitic profiles of varying depth and geology were collected and analyzed for their physico-chemical properties and chemical fertility characteristics. Besides variability in characteristics of different geological origin, the saprolites have poor fertility and physical properties, suggesting that they are poor substrate for crop growth. The fertility status of the saprolites, despite less weathered, were poorer than their soils. Comparatively, they have higher phosphorus retention capacity, lower net negative charge, and thus lower cation retention capacity. The Al phytotoxic effect, however, was lower in the saprolites than in their soils. The saprolites physical properties were characterized by massiveness and lacking of structural development, which enables high water retention but may not be available to plants. The isovolumetric transformation analysis of rock into saprolites showed a significant depletion of base cations from the Profiles, instituting poor fertility status of saprolites in comparison to their respective soil layers.The suitability assessment of saprolite materials of varying geological origin indicates that saprolites are unsuitable for oil palm cultivation, with shallowness, fertility and poor drainage conditions being the major constraints