Low-energy pi pi photoproduction off nuclei

In the present paper we investigate pi0 pi0 and pi(+/-)pi0 photoproduction off complex nuclei at incident beam energies of 400-460 MeV. Simulations of two pion photoproduction on protons and nuclei are performed by means of a semi-classical BUU transport model including a full coupled-channel treatment of the final state interactions. Elastic scattering of the final state pions with the nucleons in the surrounding nuclear medium is found to yield a downward shift of the pi pi invariant mass distribution. We show that the target mass dependence of the pi0 pi0 invariant mass spectrum as measured by the TAPS collaboration can be explained without introducing medium effects beyond absorption and quasi-elastic scattering of the final state particles. On the other hand, we find considerable discrepancies with the data in the pi(+/-)pi0 channel, which are not understood.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

The influence of the nuclear medium on inclusive electron and neutrino scattering off nuclei

We present a model for inclusive electron and neutrino scattering off nuclei paying special attention to the influence of in-medium effects on the quasi-elastic scattering and pion-production mechanisms. Our results for electron scattering off Oxygen are compared to experimental data at beam energies ranging from 0.7-1.5 GeV. The good description of electron scattering serves as a benchmark for neutrino scattering.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

The Upland Plover in Southwestern Yukon Territory

Report of an intensive study (made in July-Aug. 1950) of this plover, Bertramia longicauda on a breeding ground along the Duke River (tributary of the Kluane): notes of the area and its vegetation ; the feeding behaviour of the young; production and mortality; territory, home, range, movements, and departure from breeding grounds; observations on plover in other Yukon areas. Bibliography (15 items)

Management Suggestions for the African Elephant

A half century of experience managing deer, elk, and other herbivorous game mammals in America has shown that no known management method is more effective than scientifically controlling population numbers to carrying capacity. Unfortunately, such experience is wanting among many wildlife managers in Africa. Consequently, inadequate harvest of elephants made in Kabalega Falls and only a scientific sample obtained in Tsavo National Park has resulted in serious degradation of ranges, reduced fertility and reproduction, lower chance for survival of all age groups, particularly juveniles, lower biotic diversity, reduced flow of energy through the ecosystem, and loss of the opportunity for human utilization of the resource. In Kruger National Park of South Africa, however, elephants have been scientifically managed for a decade, including annual harvests or cullings. Between 1905 and 1970 elephants increased rapidly. When culling operations began in 1968, they were planned as a holding action against unrestrained increase of elephants in the park and possible immigration; by 1971 this goal was achieved. At that time the first decline in elephant numbers was noted. Expected future quotas for cropping will probably range from 200 to 400 elephants annually, unless the population drops below 7,000, at which level cropping would cease. Hopefully, this program, or a similar one, will serve as a foundation for management of elephants on many of their remaining ranges in Africa

Quasielastic Scattering at MiniBooNE Energies

We present our description of neutrino induced charged current quasielastic scattering (CCQE) in nuclei at energies relevant for the MiniBooNE experiment. In our framework, the nucleons, with initial momentum distributions according to the Local Fermi Gas model, move in a density- and momentum-dependent mean field potential. The broadening of the outgoing nucleons due to nucleon-nucleon interactions is taken into account by spectral functions. Long range (RPA) correlations renormalizing the electroweak strength in the medium are also incorporated. The background from resonance excitation events that do not lead to pions in the final state is also predicted by propagating the outgoing hadrons with the Giessen semiclassical BUU model in coupled channels (GiBUU). We achieve a good description of the shape of the CCQE Q2 distribution extracted from data by MiniBooNE, thanks to the inclusion of RPA correlations, but underestimate the integrated cross section when the standard value of MA = 1 GeV is used. Possible reasons for this mismatch are discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few-GeV Region (NuInt09), May 18-22, Sitges, Barcelona, Spai