32 research outputs found

    2016/2017 CFA Arts Leadership and Business BA Assessment

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    2016/2017 CFA Arts Leadership and Business Graduate Assessment

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    We Are Thankful

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    Research on the symbolic representations system in Egypt from Neolithic art to the pyramid texts.- Origin and formation of solar religion elements in pharaonic Egypt

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    DĂšs les premiĂšres dynasties, le pictogramme fut dans l’écriture le prolongement des reprĂ©sentations figuratives naturalistes, logogrammes dans les palettes funĂ©raires dĂ©corĂ©es protodynastiques. Ce constat nous porte Ă  les mettre en correspondance avec l’art pariĂ©tal du nĂ©olithique nubien, le prĂ©dynastique Ă©gyptien, et celui des aires culturelles pĂ©riphĂ©riques. La reconsidĂ©ration des pĂ©troglyphes en tant que symboles et idĂ©ogrammes, c’est-Ă -dire des mythogrammes autant que des logogrammes-phonogrammes polysĂ©miques permet de dĂ©gager un systĂšme structurel de reprĂ©sentations symboliques universel dans la vallĂ©e du Nil. Essentiellement funĂ©raire, il est organisĂ© autour d’une nouvelle lecture en relation aux mythes fondateurs de l’ƒil d’Horus/solaire, s’exprime dans des rites primitifs de revivification, de renaissance, nĂ©olithiques et prĂ©dynastiques, explicitĂ©s ensuite durant les premiĂšres dynasties sur des tablettes, des sceaux-cylindres votifs, et l’onction du mort avec les sept huiles canoniques et, enfin, dans les Textes des Pyramides. Contrairement Ă  l’idĂ©e commune d’opposition des notions de Nature-Culture, il est question de les conjuguer, de rĂ©concilier la dualitĂ© non binaire et de voir, par exemple, les fonctions hĂ©liotrope et/ou hĂ©liophore des animaux du bestiaire soudanien, avec Sokar le faucon funĂ©raire, les garants bienveillants des mĂ©tamorphoses et de renaissance du soleil/des dĂ©funts, par ailleurs, fĂ©lidĂ©s, canidĂ©s, antilopes
, investis du numineux des divinitĂ©s tutĂ©laires. À la lueur d’une nouvelle lecture du mythe “osirien” primitif de mĂ©tamorphose, nous reconsidĂ©rons les conceptions sur le sacrifice animal sur des bases d’anthropologie religieuse. Loin d’une maĂźtrise et soumission de la nature, et d’un diffusionnisme, l’interculturalitĂ© de la pensĂ©e mythique archaĂŻque premiĂšre dans la vallĂ©e nubiano-Ă©gyptienne et des rĂ©gions pĂ©riphĂ©riques multiethniques implique, vis-Ă -vis du monde naturel et des forces spirituelles numineuses, la transculturalitĂ© des conceptions solaires et le partage pluriculturel, transhistorique des croyances rĂ©surrectionnelles polycycliques. Ainsi, les pĂ©troglyphes d’animaux, les scĂšnes de chasse animale, les reprĂ©sentations de barques, de sandales, etc., sont de nature funĂ©raire votive, apotropaĂŻque.Since the beginning of the first dynasties, the pictogram in writing was the extension of naturalistic figurative representations, logograms in the decorated funerary protodynastic palettes. This statement carry us to link them with the parietal art of Neolithic Nubia, the egyptian Predynastic, and peripheral cultural areas. We have reconsidered the petroglyphs as polysemic symbols and ideograms, i.e. mythograms as well polysemic logograms-phonograms, allowing us to draw up a structural system of symbolic representations, universal in the Nile valley. Basically funerary, the system is organised around a new reading in connection with the founding of the ‘Eye of Horus’/solar myths, and express itself in primitive Neolithic and Predynastic rites of revivification, rebirth, more explicit afterwards during the first dynasties on labels, votive cylinder-seals, and anointing the deads with the seven holy canonical oils, finally in the Pyramid Texts. Contrary to the common idea which opposite the Nature-Culture notions, there is some question to combine them, to reconcile the non-binary duality and to see, for example, the heliotrope functions and/or heliophore animals of the sub-Saharan bestiary, with Sokar the funerary hawk, the benevolent guarantors for the rebirth and metamorphosis of the sun/deads; otherwise felids, canids, antelopes
, invested by the numinous of the protecting divinities. In consequence of a new reading of the primitive ‘osirian’ myth of metamorphosis, we have reconsidered the conceptions about animal sacrifice on the basis of religious anthropology. Far from bringing under control and submission of nature, and diffusionnism, the intercultural (cross-cultural) of the first archaic mythic thought in the multi-ethnic nubian-egyptian valley and associated neighbouring areas involves, towards the natural world and the numinous spiritual strengths, the cross-cultural of solar conceptions and multicultural, trans-historic sharing of the polycyclic resurrectional believes. Thus, the animal petroglyphs, cynegetic scenes, boats and sandals representations, etc., are of funerary votive, apotropaic nature

    Management development in European small and medium enterprises

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    The problem and the solution. Of the 20 million or so firms in Europe, 99% are small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that employ fewer than 250 people and account for two thirds of the European workforce. Faced with increased global competition, mainly from Asian and U.S. firms, Europe’s policy makers are concerned with improving the quality of management in the SME sector. Because of the marginality (economic, cultural, personal) of small firms, however, it is generally assumed that these firms are too preoccupied with entrepreneurial activity and/or survival to take a sustained interest in management development. Is this the case
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