Community-Oriented Development

Straipsnyje analizuojami tvarios plėtros principai ir uždaviniai Lietuvoje pereinant prie į bendruomenės tikslus orientuotos plėtros, paremtos profesionalų ir pilietinės visuomenės narių požiūrių integravimu. Tvarios, į bendruomenę orientuotos, plėtros procesas užtikrina, kad būtų gerbiamos kiekvieno asmens ir jų šeimų teisės, orumas, poreikiai ir pageidavimai bei sukurti įgalinimo mechanizmai, skatinantys aktyviai partnerystei ir kūrybiškoms inovacijoms. Lyginimo kriterijumi pasirinktas perėjimas nuo centralizuotos į bendruomenę orientuotos plėtros, arba darnios bendruomeninės plėtros, modelis, kuris galėtų užtikrinti, kad plėtros procesas būtų derinamas su konkrečioje vietovėje gyvenančių gyventojų poreikiais, įgalintų juos socialinei partnerystei, dalinimuisi, subsidiarumui ir klasterizavimui. Tyrimui taikomi sisteminės, statistinės ir atvejų analizės, grupių diskusijų metodai, leidžiantys įvertinti į bendruomenę orientuotos plėtros sėkmės atvejus ir trikdžius Lietuvoje, juos palyginti su pasaulyje identifikuotomis socialinėmis inovacijomis. Ieškoma trikdžių, priežasčių ir mechanizmų į bendruomenę orientuotai tvariai plėtrai įgalinti.The evaluation of modern trends, it can be said that Lithuanian cities can create a full quality of life. Success will depend on various factors: state policy and financial instruments, development strategies, investment and efficient management of public assets, urban centers, residential areas renewal, and most importantly – sustainable development of community participation. Sustainable development is an important community mobilization develops, positive leadership and community capacity in which it is necessary to validate the local government or other laws. Sustainable development communities necessary skills: understanding of sustainable development; ability to create a vision for the leadership, communication; teamwork; project management; process re-engineering; effective financial management; local economic development and understanding of democratic processes. Decisions about development, the future of local communities must be adopted in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity – the local community itself is able and willing to accept and implement certain decisions, decisions must be adopted and implemented in the higher authorities. Promoting partnerships and general cooperation, a key objective should be to improve quality of life. It is necessary to teach people, local communities, so that they understand that sustainable development is the responsibility of all, only their competence and contribution. With this goal, it is proposed: Promote public, private and NGO sector in the partnership and to validate solutions of inter-institutional and financial resources; Foster local culture and traditions, to create a safe and friendly neighborhood of the natural environment; Communitywide socioeducation and systemic sociocommunication; systemice development, multifunctional, multicriterian and multisectoral networks; communities to ensure the stability and continuity, independence from politicians and elections; building trust between the community, business, government, planners and designers; encourage multi-public (schools, cultural houses, libraries, etc.) and commercial (commercial, offices, etc.). These asuptions help for buildings welfare and smarth and creative communities. Public infrastructure development and the introduction of the infrastructure charge to ensure that the funds are used, from which comes in charge of infrastructure development and achieved the expected results based on the development and evaluation on the basis of science and knowledge. In urban areas land issues, the right to dispose of public land to municipalities

Spatial transformation of the economy in the post-communist period: The case of the Vilnius urban region

Economic transformation has been gaining ground in the former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe since the change of system. This descriptive paper explores the locational patterns of enterprise in the Vilnius urban region during the post-communist transition of Lithuania. Cartographical techniques are used to map the changes that took place between 1994 and 2011. The results show a sharp increase in the number of enterprises in the urban core and a very modest increase outside this zone. However, the maps reveal divergent locational patterns for different sectors of the urban economy.OTBArchitecture and The Built Environmen

Shrinking regions in a shrinking country: The geography of population decline in Lithuania 2001-2011 (discussion paper)

Shrinking populations have been gaining increasing attention, especially in post-socialist East and Central European countries. While most studies focus on the population decline of capital cities and their regions, much less is known about the spatial dimension of population decline on the national level. Lithuania is one of the countries which have experienced very high levels of population decline in the last decades. This study uses Lithuanian Census data from the years 2001 and 2011 to get insight into the geography of population change for the whole country. The results show a sharp population decline in Lithuania of 17.2% between 1989 and 2011, with the decrease being more intense during the second decade of the period. The population dropped in most areas, including the main cities, but increased in the regions surrounding these cities. The predictive models show a clear geographical dimension of population decline, but also reveal that population composition and investments play a role in the process of decline.OTBArchitecture and The Built Environmen

Ethno-Political effects of suburbanization in the Vilnius urban region: An analysis of voting behavior

We use electoral data to analyze the ethno-political consequences that may arise from the fact that the region surrounding the city of Vilnius is dominated by residents with a Polish identity, while those who move to the suburbs are mainly ethnic Lithuanians. In the suburban ring we found increasing voting turnout, a decreasing share of votes for the Polish party, and an increase of the absolute number of votes for this party. The changing electoral behavior might be an indicator of growing ethno-political tensions and the zones of the most intense changes identify areas of potential social tensions between ethnic groups. Part of the research leading to these results (Prof Dr Maarten van Ham) has received funding from the Marie Curie programme under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / Career Integration Grant n. PCIG10-GA-2011-303728 (CIG Grant NBHCHOICE, Neighbourhood choice, neighbourhood sorting, and neighbourhood effects).OTBArchitecture and The Built Environmen

Socio-spatial transformatioSocio-Spatial Transformations, Suburbanisation, and Voting Behaviour in the Vilnius Urban Regionns, suburbanisation, and voting behaviour in the Vilnius urban region (discussion paper)

This paper analyses the interrelationship between the process of suburbanization and a changing political and ethnic landscape in the Vilnius urban region. The region surrounding Vilnius city is dominated by Polish identity residents while those who suburbanise into the region are mainly ethnic Lithuanians. This may lead to potential tension and conflicts in the region which may find its expression in the voting behaviour of residents of the region. Using data from the 1997 and 2011 municipal elections we found that the share of votes for the Polish party in the region decreases over time, while the absolute number of votes for this party increases. At the same time we find increasing voting activity in the suburban ring. The changing electoral behaviour can be regarded as an indicator of a growing ethnic identity. The voting results also identify the zones of the most intense changes in the electoral behavior and thus indicate areas of potential social tensions between two ethnic groups.OTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen

Socio-spatial transformations, suburbanisation, and voting behaviour in the Vilnius urban region

This paper analyses the interrelationship between the process of suburbanisation and a changing political and ethnic landscape in the Vilnius urban region. The region sur-rounding Vilnius city is dominated by Polish identity residents while those who suburbanise into the region are mainly ethnic Lithuanians. This may lead to potential tension and conflicts in the region which may find its expression in the voting behaviour of residents of the region. Using data from the 1997 and 2011 municipal elections we found that the share of votes for the Polish party in the region decreases over time, while the absolute number of votes for this party increases. At the same time we find increasing voting activity in the suburban ring. The changing electoral behaviour can be regarded as an indicator of a growing ethnic identity. The voting results also identify the zones of the most intense changes in the electoral behaviour and thus indicate areas of potential social tensions between two ethnic groups.OTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen

Soviet housing estates in Vilnius, Lithuania: socio-ethnic structure and future(-less?) perspectives

This study is focused on Soviet housing estates in Vilnius. The aim of the chapter is to gain more insight into the social and ethnic profile of the residents and to highlight the trajectories of change. The analysis is based on Lithuanian census data from 2001 to 2011. Results suggest that although Soviet housing estates are less segregated than other parts of Vilnius, considerable socio-economic differences exist among residents belonging to different ethnic groups. Soviet housing estates are definitely not the most attractive residential areas, and more affluent groups increasingly prioritise residing in other parts of the city. However, that has not turned them into the neighbourhoods with the highest concentration of the least affluent population. Thus, the Soviet housing estates maintain a rather neutral position in the current residential structure of Vilnius