International and domestic drivers of military shifts in Alaska

Thesis (M.A.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2018Since WWII, Alaska has witnessed dramatic influxes and reductions in military personnel and funding. This thesis explores the drivers of these events. It applies two theories to analyze the trends: realist theory from international relations and the advocacy coalition framework from public policy. The thesis uses a case study framework and process-tracing to analyze three different time periods in Alaska's history: 1) World War II (1940-1945), 2) the early Cold War era (1950-1958), and 3) the immediate post-Cold War era (1993-1999). This thesis argues that the level of international threat accounts for the United States' decisions to increase or decrease its military forces, while the strength of advocacy coalitions comprised of a diverse array of actors determines the amount of military personnel and funding transferred to Alaska.Chapter 1: Introduction. Chapter 2: History of Military Power in Alaska -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Military Presence from the Purchase of Alaska to World War II Era (1867-1939) -- 2.3 World War II to Pre-Cold War (1940-1949) -- 2.4 The Cold War (1950-1990) -- 2.5 Post-Cold War Era (1991-Current) -- 2.6 Conclusion. Chapter 3: Theory and Methodology -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Realism -- 3.3 Advocacy Coalition Framework -- 3.4 Methodology -- 3.5 Conclusion. Chapter 4: World War II -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 International Politics -- 4.2.1 Realism and International Politics -- 4.2.1.1 A state's interests or a threat to those interests will push a nation into action -- 4.2.1.2 These policies or actions are formed because of competition between states -- 4.2.1.3 Calculation can be used to discover the policies a country will use -- 4.2.1.4 Success of these policies is shown in that a state was both preserved and strengthened -- 4.3 Domestic Politics -- 4.3.1 Advocacy Coalition Framework and Domestic Politics -- 4.3.1.1 The players of the coalition must stay focused and engaged -- 4.3.1.2 The actors in a coalition should come from different levels of government and utilize multiple avenues of influence -- 4.3.1.3 External shocks can help generate policy change -- 4.4 Conclusion. Chapter 5: The Beginning of the Cold War -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 International Politics -- 5.2.1 Realism and International Politic -- 5.2.1.1 A state's interests or a threat to those interests will push a nation into action -- 5.2.1.2 Foreign policies are functions of competition between states -- 5.2.1.3 Calculations are used to discover the policies a country will use -- 5.2.1.4 Success of these policies is shown where a state was both preserved and strengthened -- 5.3 Domestic Politics -- 5.3.1 ACF and Domestic Politics -- 5.3.1.1 The players of the coalition must stay focused and engaged -- 5.3.1.2 The actors in a coalition should come from different levels of government and utilize multiple avenues of influence -- 5.3.1.3 External shocks can help generate policy change -- 5.4 Conclusion. Chapter 6: The Post-Cold War -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 International Politics -- 6.2.1 Realism and International Politics -- 6.2.1.1 A state's interests or a threat to those interests will push a nation into action -- 6.2.1.2 These policies or actions are formed because of competition between states -- 6.2.1.3 Calculation can be used to discover the policies a country will use -- 6.2.1.4 Success of these policies is shown in that a state was both preserved and strengthened -- 6.3 Domestic Politics -- 6.3.1 Advocacy Coalition Framework and Domestic Politics -- 6.3.1.1 The players of the coalition must stay focused and engaged -- 6.3.1.2 The actors in a coalition should come from different levels of government and utilize multiple avenues of influence -- 6.3.1.3 External shocks can help generate policy change -- 6.4 Conclusion. Chapter 7: Conclusion

Value of selected psychological tests for predicting academic achievement at General College, Boston University.

Includes tables and figures. Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Reduction of salmonella contamination in pork carcasses by vaccination

Two field studies and one laboratory challenge were performed to evaluate of vaccination with a live, avirulent Salmonella choleraesuis vaccine (Enterisol® SC-54) to provide cross protection, reduce the level of internal culture and fecal shedding of multiple serovars of Salmonella. Barns of grow-finish pigs were vaccinated orally, via drinking water, or left as matched controls in the field studies. Ileocecal lymph nodes and spiral colon fecal material were collected at the abattoir from field studies. Three week old pigs were vaccinated intranasally and challenged at five weeks of age in the laboratory study. Internal organ culture and fecal shedding were measured two weeks following challenge with S typhimurium. In all three studies, vaccinated pigs had significantly lower culture prevalence of non S choleraesuis serovars (p\u3c0.05), and reduced fecal shedding in following laboratory challenge (p\u3c0.05). A nominal (p=0.07) trend to improved growth rate following laboratory challenge with S typhimurium challenge was also detected

Reduction of Salmonella choleraesuis contamination in pork carcasses by vaccination

Salmonellosis is a common clinical and subclinical infection of pigs. The species adapted serovar S choleraesuis predominantly produces a septicemic disease in swine. Disease in other species, including humans, is rare compared to enteric type infections from non host adapted serovars such as S typhimurium. However, when host adapted serovars infect alternate species, disease can be severe. Vaccination with an avirulent live S choleraesuis vaccine, Enterisol® SC-54, significantly reduces prevalence and quantity of infection in pigs. Additionally, those pigs that remain culture positive have two logs or more reduction in the quantity of S choleraesuis present. Vaccination of pigs as young as one day of age is successful. Where these infections are of concern in the human population, vaccination of pigs may provide dramatic reductions of the organism swine, reducing risk in food items of swine origin

The sequelae of a missed Essex-Lopresti lesion

Radial head fractures are the most common type of elbow fracture in adults. Unrecognised disruption of the intraosseous membrane at the time of injury can lead to severe wrist pain from proximal radial migration especially if the radial head is excised. In this case, despite anatomical reduction and internal fixation of the radial head fracture, longitudinal forearm instability developed after delayed radial head resection was performed 7 months post-injury. A Suave-Kapandji procedure was performed due to ongoing wrist pain. Because of the previous radial head resection, this led to a floating forearm that could only be solved by creating a one-bone forearm, sacrificing all forearm rotation to achieve a stable lever arm between the elbow and wrist joint

A pilot hole does not reduce the strains or risk of fracture to the lateral cortex during and following a medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy in cadaveric specimens

© 2018 Bujnowski et al. Aim: It has been suggested that the use of a pilot-hole may reduce the risk of fracture to the lateral cortex. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a pilot hole on the strains and occurrence of fractures at the lateral cortex during the opening of a high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and post-surgery loading. Materials and Methods: A total of 14 cadaveric tibias were randomized to either a pilot hole (n = 7) or a no-hole (n = 7) condition. Lateral cortex strains were measured while the osteotomy was opened 9 mm and secured in place with a locking plate. The tibias were then subjected to an initial 800 N load that increased by 200 N every 5000 cycles, until failure or a maximum load of 2500 N. Results: There was no significant difference in the strains on the lateral cortex during HTO opening between the pilot hole and no-hole conditions. Similarly, the lateral cortex and fixation plate strains were not significantly different during cyclic loading between the two conditions. Using a pilot hole did not significantly decrease the strains experienced at the lateral cortex, nor did it reduce the risk of fracture. Conclusions: The nonsignificant differences found here most likely occurred because the pilot hole merely translated the stress concentration laterally to a parallel point on the surface of the hole

Comparison of baseline ImPACT performance in amateur motocross riders to football and basketball athletes

Primary Objective: The American Motorcyclist Association requires professional riders to undergo baseline computerized neurocognitive testing (CNT) using the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) test for concussion management. It is recommended this practice be expanded to the amateur level, but limited research has explored whether baseline testing is necessary for youth when normative data is available. This study evaluates the utility of baseline testing for amateur riders by comparing their performance to those of traditional youth sports comprising normative datasets. Design/Methods: An cross-sectional study comparing amateur motocross (N = 100) riders matched by age and sex to football (N = 100) and basketball (N = 100) athletes performance on baseline ImPACT testing. Results: ANCOVAs revealed a significant medium effect of group on measures of visual motor speed (F = 11.25, p \u3c 0.001) and reaction time (F = 13.61, p \u3c 0.001). Post hoc analyses revealed that motocross riders were significantly slower compared to football and basketball athletes. There were no significant differences (p \u3e .05) between sport on measures of memory or symptoms. Conclusions: Youth motocross riders performed significantly slower on speed measures compared to football and basketball athletes, providing preliminary support for the expansion of baseline ImPACT testing to the amateur level

A summary of the ECAS performance and cost results for MHD systems

The potential is examined of various advanced power plant concepts using coal and coal-derived fuel. The results indicate that open cycle coal fired direct preheat MHD systems have potentially one of the highest coal-pile-to-bus-bar efficiencies and also one of the lowest costs of electricity (COE) of the systems studied. Closed cycle MHD systems may have the potential to approach the efficiency and COE of open cycle MHD. The 1200-1500 F liquid metal MHD systems studied do not appear to have the potential of exceeding the efficiency or competing with the COE of advanced steam plants