Your Voice is Not Forgotten

Oral histories are sourced from women who have experienced intimate partner violence and are utilizing services offered by the YWCA, the only domestic abuse shelter in Metropolitan Detroit. Audio narratives shatter typical stereotypes of women who are victims of intimate partner violence.University Library's Student Engagement ProgramYWCA Interim Househttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/122841/1/Burke_Ruth_FinalReport_Poster.pdfDescription of Burke_Ruth_FinalReport_Poster.pdf : Symposium presentation poste

Quantifying senescence-mediated nutrient loss processes in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) biomass

The annual senescence that occurs in many perennial grass species is not a terminal event, and multiple internal processes are occurring as a plant enters winter or dry-season dormancy. When grown as bioenergy feedstocks, end-season nutrient conservation and loss processes taking place in perennial grasses are of interest to producers attempting to maximize yield while reducing residual nutrient content in the harvestable biomass. The residual nutrient content in these bioenergy feedstocks can reduce conversion efficiency, damage biorefinery equipment, and even cause pollution. In order to better understand nutrient cycling in perennial grasses as well as improve harvest management decisions for bioenergy feedstock producers, I quantified three nutrient loss processes in the model perennial grass species Panicum virgatum L.: 1) end-season nutrient resorption, 2) biomass nutrient leaching, and 3) mass loss due to overwinter leaf drop (litterfall). Over two autumn seasons in 2014 and 2015, I established a baseline of macronutrient reduction in senescing, undamaged in situ switchgrass plots and compared those baselines to plots exposed to heavy simulated rainfall in order to quantify potential foliar nutrient leaching. I found that leaf-level resorption may drive the bulk of phloem mobile nutrient (i.e., N, P, K) reduction from aboveground biomass during senescence, but phloem immobile nutrients (i.e., Ca) tend to remain behind in the standing biomass. From a practical point of view, foliar leaching was not observed to be a significant driver of nutrient loss during senescence. During the winter of 2015 – 2016, in situ switchgrass biomass samples were harvested monthly from undamaged stands. The harvested material was analyzed by aboveground morphological component (stem, leaf, panicle) for mass and macronutrient content to quantify nutrient losses and the passive process driving them. I observed that losses of non-leachable nutrients (i.e., N and Ca) were primarily due to overwinter leaf drop and losses of the more water-soluble nutrients (i.e., K and P) were primarily due to biomass leaching. These studies will improve knowledge of end-season nutrient cycling in perennial grasses and help inform management decisions for producers seeking to diversify their operations with switchgrass for bioenergy

Treebank-based acquisition of wide-coverage, probabilistic LFG resources: project overview, results and evaluation

This paper presents an overview of a project to acquire wide-coverage, probabilistic Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) resources from treebanks. Our approach is based on an automatic annotation algorithm that annotates “raw” treebank trees with LFG f-structure information approximating to basic predicate-argument/dependency structure. From the f-structure-annotated treebank we extract probabilistic unification grammar resources. We present the annotation algorithm, the extraction of lexical information and the acquisition of wide-coverage and robust PCFG-based LFG approximations including long-distance dependency resolution. We show how the methodology can be applied to multilingual, treebank-based unification grammar acquisition. Finally we show how simple (quasi-)logical forms can be derived automatically from the f-structures generated for the treebank trees

Evaluation of an automatic f-structure annotation algorithm against the PARC 700 dependency bank

An automatic method for annotating the Penn-II Treebank (Marcus et al., 1994) with high-level Lexical Functional Grammar (Kaplan and Bresnan, 1982; Bresnan, 2001; Dalrymple, 2001) f-structure representations is described in (Cahill et al., 2002; Cahill et al., 2004a; Cahill et al., 2004b; O’Donovan et al., 2004). The annotation algorithm and the automatically-generated f-structures are the basis for the automatic acquisition of wide-coverage and robust probabilistic approximations of LFG grammars (Cahill et al., 2002; Cahill et al., 2004a) and for the induction of LFG semantic forms (O’Donovan et al., 2004). The quality of the annotation algorithm and the f-structures it generates is, therefore, extremely important. To date, annotation quality has been measured in terms of precision and recall against the DCU 105. The annotation algorithm currently achieves an f-score of 96.57% for complete f-structures and 94.3% for preds-only f-structures. There are a number of problems with evaluating against a gold standard of this size, most notably that of overfitting. There is a risk of assuming that the gold standard is a complete and balanced representation of the linguistic phenomena in a language and basing design decisions on this. It is, therefore, preferable to evaluate against a more extensive, external standard. Although the DCU 105 is publicly available, 1 a larger well-established external standard can provide a more widely-recognised benchmark against which the quality of the f-structure annotation algorithm can be evaluated. For these reasons, we present an evaluation of the f-structure annotation algorithm of (Cahill et al., 2002; Cahill et al., 2004a; Cahill et al., 2004b; O’Donovan et al., 2004) against the PARC 700 Dependency Bank (King et al., 2003). Evaluation against an external gold standard is a non-trivial task as linguistic analyses may differ systematically between the gold standard and the output to be evaluated as regards feature geometry and nomenclature. We present conversion software to automatically account for many (but not all) of the systematic differences. Currently, we achieve an f-score of 87.31% for the f-structures generated from the original Penn-II trees and an f-score of 81.79% for f-structures from parse trees produced by Charniak’s (2000) parser in our pipeline parsing architecture against the PARC 700

Loose Ends for the Exomoon Candidate Host Kepler-1625b

The claim of an exomoon candidate in the Kepler-1625b system has generated substantial discussion regarding possible alternative explanations for the purported signal. In this work we examine in detail these possibilities. First, the effect of more flexible trend models is explored and we show that sufficiently flexible models are capable of attenuating the signal, although this is an expected byproduct of invoking such models. We also explore trend models using X and Y centroid positions and show that there is no data-driven impetus to adopt such models over temporal ones. We quantify the probability that the 500 ppm moon-like dip could be caused by a Neptune-sized transiting planet to be < 0.75%. We show that neither autocorrelation, Gaussian processes nor a Lomb-Scargle periodogram are able to recover a stellar rotation period, demonstrating that K1625 is a quiet star with periodic behavior < 200 ppm. Through injection and recovery tests, we find that the star does not exhibit a tendency to introduce false-positive dip-like features above that of pure Gaussian noise. Finally, we address a recent re-analysis by Kreidberg et al (2019) and show that the difference in conclusions is not from differing systematics models but rather the reduction itself. We show that their reduction exhibits i) slightly higher intra-orbit and post-fit residual scatter, ii) $\simeq$ 900 ppm larger flux offset at the visit change, iii) $\simeq$ 2 times larger Y-centroid variations, and iv) $\simeq$ 3.5 times stronger flux-centroid correlation coefficient than the original analysis. These points could be explained by larger systematics in their reduction, potentially impacting their conclusions.Comment: 21 pages, 4 tables, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal, January 202

THE CONTRIBUTION OF TECHNOLOGY TO AN UNDERGRADUATE INTERNATIONAL LEARNING PARTNERSHIP: THE RITUAL PERSPECTIVE

This study is part of a research project on a learning partnership between undergraduates of ViA, Latvia and UMM, USA. During the joint media course in Spring 2016, students participated in Skype discussions, completed shared assignments and reflected upon their learning experience. The transcripts of these activities form the body of qualitative data. We employ the perspective of Ethnography of Communication (Hymes 1962, Philipsen 1997) and Cultural Discourse Analysis (Carbaugh, 2007) in order to answer the following research questions: (1) what is the nature of the studied technology-mediated learning discourse, and (2) how do the constructed meanings around the use of technology contribute to the variety of cultural norms in play? We propose to understand the studied discussion sessions as a ritual practice (Turner 1980, Philipsen 1992, 1997)--the correct performance of which the participants instantly co-construct and negotiate when employing locally-adopted norms associated with democratic education practice--and assess the use and function of technology in the experienced learning interactions

Strong domain variation and treebank-induced LFG resources

In this paper we present a number of experiments to test the portability of existing treebank induced LFG resources. We test the LFG parsing resources of Cahill et al. (2004) on the ATIS corpus which represents a considerably different domain to the Penn-II Treebank Wall Street Journal sections, from which the resources were induced. This testing shows an under-performance at both c- and f-structure level as a result of the domain variation. We show that in order to adapt the LFG resources of Cahill et al. (2004) to this new domain, all that is necessary is to retrain the c-structure parser on data from the new domain

Treebank-based acquisition of a Chinese lexical-functional grammar

Scaling wide-coverage, constraint-based grammars such as Lexical-Functional Grammars (LFG) (Kaplan and Bresnan, 1982; Bresnan, 2001) or Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammars (HPSG) (Pollard and Sag, 1994) from fragments to naturally occurring unrestricted text is knowledge-intensive, time-consuming and (often prohibitively) expensive. A number of researchers have recently presented methods to automatically acquire wide-coverage, probabilistic constraint-based grammatical resources from treebanks (Cahill et al., 2002, Cahill et al., 2003; Cahill et al., 2004; Miyao et al., 2003; Miyao et al., 2004; Hockenmaier and Steedman, 2002; Hockenmaier, 2003), addressing the knowledge acquisition bottleneck in constraint-based grammar development. Research to date has concentrated on English and German. In this paper we report on an experiment to induce wide-coverage, probabilistic LFG grammatical and lexical resources for Chinese from the Penn Chinese Treebank (CTB) (Xue et al., 2002) based on an automatic f-structure annotation algorithm. Currently 96.751% of the CTB trees receive a single, covering and connected f-structure, 0.112% do not receive an f-structure due to feature clashes, while 3.137% are associated with multiple f-structure fragments. From the f-structure-annotated CTB we extract a total of 12975 lexical entries with 20 distinct subcategorisation frame types. Of these 3436 are verbal entries with a total of 11 different frame types. We extract a number of PCFG-based LFG approximations. Currently our best automatically induced grammars achieve an f-score of 81.57% against the trees in unseen articles 301-325; 86.06% f-score (all grammatical functions) and 73.98% (preds-only) against the dependencies derived from the f-structures automatically generated for the original trees in 301-325 and 82.79% (all grammatical functions) and 67.74% (preds-only) against the dependencies derived from the manually annotated gold-standard f-structures for 50 trees randomly selected from articles 301-325

Equity League Minutes 1911-1914

Meeting Minutes containing information on election of officers, dues, by-laws, campaigning and raising funds in various meetings. On page 5 of the notebook, they discuss possible names for their organization.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/suffrage/1000/thumbnail.jp