Effects of excess nitrogen intake on nutrient utilisation and partitioning in lactating ewes

The effects of different forms of excess nitrogen (amino acids vs ammonia) on the partitioning of nutrients between milk production and body weight change in lactating ewes suckling twin lambs were investigated. Effects on nutrient intake, ewe and lamb live weight changes, milk yield and composition, and nitrogen (N) balance were assessed. Nine abomasally cannulated lactating 4 year-old Coopworth ewes with mean initial weight of 66.41 ± 5.90 kg each suckling twin lambs with initial litter weight of 5.72 ± 1.22 kg were used. All ewes were fed the same basal diets in 12 equals meals at 2-hour interval. Treatments consisted of abomasal infusions of water (control), casein (150 g/d), and ammonia (85 g/d) in two periods with a carry-over design. Lambs were fed with milk from their own mothers throughout the experimental periods and also given the same amount of 200 g/d of creep feed in the second period. Ewe dry matter intakes and live weight gain (LWG) were not different between treatments. Lamb LWG was lowest in the ammonia group (p<0.05). Casein infusion tended to increase (p<0.10) mean milk yield by 33% while ammonia infusion tended (p<0.10) to reduce it by 15% of that of control. Milk fat yield was lower (p<0.05) in the casein group while no differences were found in milk protein, lactose, total solids, and solid non fat (SNF) yields. Ewes in the ammonia group had the lowest milk protein (p<0.05), highest fat (p<0.01), and lowest milk SNF concentrations. Milk lactose and total solids concentrations were not affected by treatments. Dry matter and organic matter digestibilities, digestible dry matter and digestible organic matter intakes were not different between treatments. Casein and ammonia treatments increased N digestibilities (p<0.05) and slightly increased N intake (p<0.10). Nitrogen retention per kg metabolic weight was highest in the ammonia group (P<0.05). The efficiencies of absorbed N utilisation for milk protein synthesis were higher in the control and casein groups (P<0.05) while that for body protein synthesis was higher in the ammonia group (P<0.05). Compared to ewes in the control group, those in the ammonia group showed a higher preference for partitioning the absorbed N into body protein synthesis by about 17% (P<0.05) and a lower preference for partitioning the absorbed N into milk protein synthesis by about 20% (P<0.05). No differences in the partitioning of absorbed N between body and milk protein syntheses were found between the control and casein groups. It was concluded that the form of excess N (ammonia vs amino acids) differentially affects the partitioning of nutrients between milk production and body weight change in lactating ruminants

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TEPUNG INDIGOFERA TERHADAP KECERNAAN BAHAN KERING, BAHAN ORGANIK, DAN SERAT KASAR RANSUM PEDET FRIES HOL

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh tepung indigofera yang diberikan ke pedet terhadap KCBK, KCBO, dan SK. Penelitian menggunakan RAL dengan perlakukan sebagai berikut: Ro) Kosentrat 40%+Hijauan 60% R1) Hijauan 60% + (5% tepung indigofera + 35% konsentrat R2) Hijauan 60%+(10% tepung indigofera + 30% konsentrat . Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pedet FH yang diberi ransum Konsentrat+Hijauan (rumput gajah)+ tepung indigofera tidak berpengaruh nyata  (P&gt;0,05)

THE EFFECT OF INDIGOFERA SP FLOUR FEED ON PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF FAT TAIL SHEEP

Sheep is a small ruminant llivestock that area mostly raised by farmers in Indonesia fat tailed sheep (DEG) is one of the genetic resources of livestock that has  economics, scientifics and socio-cultural values and has the potential; to be used to meet the needs of animal protein for humans. This study aimed to examine the effect of indigofera sp flour feeding on the physiological response of fat tail rams. The design used was a completely randomized design with the following treatments: control feed without administration of indigofera sp flour (P0), commercial feed + 10% Indigofera sp flour (P1), Commercial feed +20% Indigofera sp flour (P2). The treatments was given to male fat-tailed sheep with body weight (30 kg) and uniform age (1,5 years), healthy and not disabled. The variables observed were body temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, and feed consumption. The treatments of giving Indigofera sp flour to the ration was estimated to have a significant effect (respiration rate, heart rate and body temperature) from the normal limit compared to thr treatments of fat tail rams without administration of Indigofera sp flour.Key words: fat tailed sheep, Indigofera sp flour, physiological response

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AIR REBUSAN DAUN SIRIH (PIPPER BETLE LINN) DALAM AIR MINUM TERHADAP BOBOT POTONG DAN PRESENTASE KARKAS KELINCI LOKAL

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pengaruh pemberian air rebusan daun sirih dalam air minum terhadap bobot potong dan presentase karkas kelinci lokal. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan April 2015 sampai dengan Mei 2015 . Lokasi penelitian yaitu di PT. Indoanilab yang berada di Kampung Carang Pulang Rt 04 Rw 06 Desa Cikarawang, Kecamatan Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Ternak yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kelinci lokal lepas sapih yang berumur 2 bulan. Jumlah ternak yang digunakan sebanyak 24 ekor dengan bobot badan rata-rata 1,5 kg. Pakan yang digunakan adalah pakan komersil berbentuk pellet merk Indofeed K-03 super. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RALF), terdiri dari 6 perlakuan masing-masing 3 taraf dosis/jumlah daun sirih yang direbus dan 2 taraf waktu/lama perebusan dengan 4 ulangan. Adapun perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu faktor pertama, lama perebusan sebanyak 2 taraf yaitu : R1 = 10 menit dan R2 = 20 menit. Faktor kedua, jumlah daun sirih sebanyak 3 taraf yaitu : S1 = 250 gram/liter, S2 = 200 gram/liter, S3 = 150 gram/liter. Peubah yang diamati adalah bobot potong, bobot karkas dan presentase karkas. Pengolahan data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 21. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan uji Duncan menunjukan bahwa pemberian air rebusan daun sirih dalam air minum terhadap bobot potong dan presentase karkas kelinci lokal tidak berbeda nyata (P&gt;0,05)

ENERGY METABOLISM AND CORN RATIONS COMMERCIAL BROILER CHICKENS ON BROILER REJECTED

One of the information needed by farmers is information about nutrition ration poultry in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). This study aims to determine the value of energy metabolism in commercial chicken rations. Determination of energy metabolism was conducted by Farrel in which chickens were fed like a chicken eating chicken feed itself and previously fasted for 24 hours and still be drinking. The ration of treatment used is feed corn, feed rations BR1 and BR2. Chickens were given time for 2 hours to eat the feed later in the fasting. After fasting rationing and the chicken will issue feces, to prevent the evaporation of nitrogen in the feces spraying by the use of H2SO4 concentration 0,01%. Chicken feces then dried and analyzed by the laboratory using a bomb calorimeter. The data in the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test. Corn research results show that the energy metabolism in the feed ration obtained BR1 3.048 kcal/kg and BR2 3.237 kcal/kg. The result can be concluded that the value is in compliance with EM EM minimum value required in SNI minimum of 2.900 kcal / kg with a value of EM listed on the label.Keywords:  Energy Metabolism, Commercial feed, Cor

PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN RANSUM FLUSHING DOMBA

ABSTRAK Peternak domba di Desa Sukaresmi tergabung dalam Gabungan Kelompok Peternak Sukaresmi dengan sistem pemeliharaan secara tradisional, sehingga berdampak pada produktivitasnya antara lain: pertambahan bobot badannya rendah sehingga pemeliharaan untuk tujuan penggemukan memerlukan waktu yang lebih lama yaitu 8 bulan,&nbsp; kelahiran 1 anak per tahun, bobot lahir anak rendah, mortalitas tinggi dan&nbsp; skor kondisi tubuh ternak&nbsp; rendah. Kondisi ini dapat diperbaiki dengan cara pemberian flushing yaitu pakan dengan kandungan protein dan energi tinggi yang diberikan pada kondisi&nbsp; tertentu sehingga meningkatkan performa produksi dan reproduksi ternak domba pada fase pertumbuhan, menjelang perkawinan, bunting, beranak dan menyusui.&nbsp; Tujuan &nbsp;kegiatan pengabdian ini untuk&nbsp; meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan peternak&nbsp; dalam pembuatan pakan fluhing ternak domba sebagai upaya peningkatan produktivitas ternak domba dan hilirisasi dari hasil penelitian untuk mencapai indikator kinerja utama (IKU) 5 dan 7. Peserta pelatihan adalah: 24 orang peternak domba yang tergabung dalam Gabungan Kelompok Peternak Sukaresmi (Gapoktan Sukaresmi). Kegiatan pengabdian dilaksanakan di Desa Sukaresmi&nbsp; Kecamatan Megamendung Kabupaten Bogor. Metode pengabddian adalah: penyuluhan dan praktek pembuatan pakan flushing ternak domba. Sebelum dan sesudah pemberian materi diberikan pre test dan post test untuk mengetahui peningkatan pengetahuan peternak domba setelah diberikan penyuluhan dan praktek pembuatan pakan flushing.&nbsp; Peternak mengikuti seluruh&nbsp; kegiatan yang terbagi atas 5 sesi: survey untuk pemetaan kondisi existing peternakan domba, sosialisasi kegiatan pengabdian, pre test dan penyuluhan&nbsp; pembuatan pakan flushing, praktek pembuatan pakan flushing dan post test, terakhir pemberian pakan flushing pada ternak domba (aplikasi).&nbsp; Kesimpulan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah peningkatan pengetahuan peternak sebagai proses transfer knowledge dan teknologi sebesar 16.65%.&nbsp; Kegiatan diharapkan akan berlanjut melalui pendampingan bagi peternak untuk&nbsp; menggali potensi sumber pakan yang ada di Desa Sukaresmi sehingga keterampilan peternak lebih baik lagi dalam memanfaatkan sumber-sumber bahan pakan yang ada disekitar peternakan &nbsp

Production performance and meat quality of local ducks fed rations containing extract of torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) flowers and betel (Piper Betle linn) leaves

Compared to chickens, ducks still have low productivity and other limitations.  One of the causes of these problems might be attributed to the off-odor found in duck meat.  Therefore, production performance and meat quality of ducks need to be improved.  The inclusion of extracts of betel (Piper betle Linn) leaves and torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) flowers wereas done to improve production performance and meat quality of local ducks. This study was aimed at assessing the effects of the inclusion of betel leaves and torch ginger flowers in the basal rations on production performance and meat quality of local ducks in the growing phase. A completely randomized factorial design in 4 x 4 with three replicates was used.  The first factor consisted of four levels of torch ginger flower solution, namely 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5%.  The second factor consisted of four levels of betel leaf solution, namely 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5%. Results showed that no significant differences (P>0.05) were found in body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, mortality rate and meat quality (pH, water holding capacity, tenderness and cooking loss).  It was concluded that the inclusion of extract of betel leaves and torch ginger flowers did not improve production performance and meat quality of male local ducks

PENGARUH LARUTAN DAUN SIRIH DALAM AIR MINUM SEBAGAI PENGGANTI ANTIBIOTIK TERHADAP RETENSI NITROGEN DAN ENERGI METABOLIS RANSUM

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun sirih terhadap Retensi Nitrogen dan Energi Metabolis ransum pada ayam Broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ayam Broiler jantan strain Cobb umur 30 hari, Penelitian ini terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dengan (KO) sebagai kontrol atau perlakuan tanpa daun sirih, (K1) pakan +anti biotik Zn-Bacitracin 50 ppm, (S1) 10 ml larutan perlakuan daun sirih per liter air minum, (S2) 20 ml larutan perlakuan daun sirih per liter air minum, dan (S3) 30 ml larutan perlakuan daun sirih per liter air minum. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian daun sirih dalam air minum berpengaruh nyata (P&lt;0,05) meningkatkan energi metabolis dan retensi nitrogen. Konsentrasi larutan 10 ml/L (perlakuan S1) menunjukan nilai tertinggi untuk energi metabolis dan retensi nitrogen dibandingkan dan K1 perlakuan. Denga

Effects of the Inclusion of Star Gooseberry (Sauropus androgynus) Leaf Meal in Ration on Physical and Nutritional Quality of KUB Chicken Breast Meat

Local chickens are among the enormous poultry genetic sources in Indonesia.  These chickens are potential to develop as they are found in big population throughout the country.  Chicken meat is a nutritious food containing nutrients including carbohydrate, protein, fat, water, minerals, and vitamins in balanced proportion.  Improvement of nutritive contents of Balitnak Superior Local Chicken (KUB chicken) meat can be achieved by providing the chickens with quality and nutritious feed.  The inclusion of star gooseberry leaf meal can be an alternative as it is nutritious, cheap, and plenty.  This study was aimed at assessing effects of star gooseberry leaf meal (SGLM) inclusion in ration on physical and nutritional quality of KUB chicken breast meat. Ninety-six (KUB chickens) aged 7 days were allocated into 4 treatments and 4 replicates in a completely randomized design.  Treatments consisted of 0% SGLM inclusion in ration (R0), 1% SGLM inclusion in ration (R1), 2% SGLM inclusion in ration (R2), and 3% SGLM inclusion in ration (R3).  Data were subjected to an analysis of variance (anova) and a Duncan test.  Results showed that treatments significantly increased (P0.05) ash, fat, and protein contents of breast meat.  Meat water holding capacity, cooking loss, and tenderness were found to be improved (P0.05) meat pH was observed

POTENSI PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN PETERNAK MELALUI PELATIHAN BUDIDAYA DAN PENGOLAHAN KARKAS AYAM KAMPUNG

Beternak ayam kampung sudah menjadi bagian kehidupan petani dan peternak di pedesaan. Pengembangan ayam kampung berpotensi menjadi usaha utama bagi peternak. Permasalahan usaha ternak ayam kampung, terutama harga pakan yang tinggi dan pemasaran ayam kampung yang sempit.&nbsp; Penggunaan inovasi teknologi melalui intensifikasi budidaya dan memberikan nilai tambah pada produk ayam kampung menjadi solusi mengatasi permasalahan tersebut.&nbsp; Penyuluhan dan pelatihan budidaya dan strategi pemasaran dilaksanakan di Desa Citepus, Palabuhan Ratu Kabupaten Sukabumi. Peserta kegiatan adalah peternak&nbsp; ayam kampung&nbsp; usaha mandiri maupun yang sudah memiliki kelompok.&nbsp; Metode kegiatan pengabdian melalui penyuluhan, pelatihan dan praktik langsung metode pelabelan dan pengemasan produk karkas ayam menggunakan alat vacuum sealer.&nbsp;&nbsp; Sebelum pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan pre-test dan diakhir kegiatan dilakukan post-test, untuk mengetahui kondisi awal dan peningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan mengenai budidaya dan pemasaran ayam kampung.&nbsp; Materi penyuluhan dan pelatihan disampaikan oleh narasumber yang&nbsp; berkompeten dari dosen-dosen prodi Peternakan. Peserta mengikuti kegiatan pelatihan dengan baik dan antusias. Peserta dapat memahami penyusunan ransum ayam kampung menggunakan pakan lokal sehingga harga ransum menjadi lebih rendah.&nbsp; Pada praktik pelabelan dan pengemasan produk ternak, peserta dapat melakukannya dengan baik.&nbsp; Bagi mahasiswa kegiatan ini menjadi pengalaman dan bentuk best practice dari kegiatan di luar kampus, yang akan diregognisi kedalam sks matakuliah.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp