Perspectives on possessivization. A cognitive approach to the spanish nominal constructions with a preceding possessive adjective

El objetivo del presente trabajo es proponer una nueva explicación de las construcciones nominales con posesivo antepuesto en español. Partimos de la revisión de las ideas defendidas en trabajos precedentes, muy especialmente en la Gramática Descriptiva de la Lengua Española y en los manuales que marcan la línea explicativa estándar, como los Cuadernos de Lengua Española o la Enciclopedia de Lingüística Hispánica. En primer lugar, se analiza la concepción lingüística general que sustenta la explicación clásica del papel del posesivo en estas construcciones, se ofrece una compendiosa caracterización del fenómeno de la posesivización y se reflexiona acerca de los juicios de gramaticalidad que han sido propuestos como aval de las hipótesis tradicionales, así como sobre las condiciones para la posesivización enunciadas canónicamente. Tras una recopilación de los problemas de las explicaciones tradicionales, se pasa a ofrecer un giro de perspectiva a través de los principios de la lingüística cognitiva. Esencialmente, se utilizarán las herramientas teóricas de los marcos experienciales (Fillmore 1985), la prominencia ontológica y cognitiva (Anderson 1983: 86-125; Deane 1992: 34-35; Collins y Quillian 1969; Collins y Loftus 1975; Schmid 2007) y los puntos de referencia y el acceso mentalmente secuenciado a la referencia (Langacker 2009). A partir de este aparato de análisis y con la incorporación puntual y breve de la teoría de la metáfora (Lakoff y Johnson 1980), principalmente de la metáfora ontológica de objeto, se propone una alternativa explicativa a las construcciones nominales con posesivo antepuesto en español que, no solo incorpora como ejemplo central de la propuesta los casos de posesión stricto sensu, a saber, las relaciones de ‘pertenencia o propiedad’ (las cuales son desplazadas del centro explicativo en la mayoría de las obras canónicas), sino que se da cabida a aquellos contextos en los que los juicios de gramaticalidad son complejos y no evidentes en una primera lectura.The pivotal objective of this research is to propose a new explanation of a nominal construction with a preceding possessive adjective in the Spanish language. Therefore, the starting point is the review of the theoretical background of this concept in earlier works: the Gramática Descriptiva de la Lengua Española and the handbooks that mark the standard explanatory line, such as Cuadernos de Lengua Española and Enciclopedia de Lingüística Hispánica. After the analysis of the general linguistic concept that supports the classical explanation of the role of the preceding possessive in the nominal constructions of the Spanish language, this study proposes a compendious characterization of the phenomenon of possessivization. Both grammatical judgements (proposed as endorsement of the traditional hypotheses) and the canonically enunciated conditions for possessivization are examined. A compilation of the problems regarding traditional explanations, and a perspective through the principles of Cognitive Linguistics is offered. Essentially, we resort to the theoretical tools of experiential frames (Fillmore 1985), ontological and cognitive prominence (Anderson 1983: 86-125; Deane 1992: 34-35; Collins and Quillian 1969; Collins and Loftus 1975; Schmid 2007), as well as the reference points and mentally sequenced access to reference (Langacker 2009). Commencing from this analytical viewpoint we propose a new explanation of these constructions with the timely and brief incorporation of the theory of metaphor (Lakoff and Johnson 1980), mainly of the ontological metaphor. This new perspective incorporates as a central example the cases of possession stricto sensu, that is, the relationship of ‘belonging or property’ (which are displaced from the explanatory centre in most canonical works), and it also accommodates those contexts where the judgments of grammaticality are complex and not evident in the first reading.Este trabajo se ha realizado gracias a la beca de Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU19/02293), del Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional, y al proyecto Diretes: Diccionario Reticular Español. Diccionario analógico y relacional con acceso en red desde el sentido y desde la forma” (FFI-2017-83293)

Aproximación al significado léxico con primitivos y moléculas: trabajo experimental (I)

Documento de trabajo que recoge trece informes realizados por estudiantes del Grado de Lengua Española y sus Literaturas durante el curso 2017/18, que recoge los datos, su análisis y discusión de diversos trabajos experimentales en los que se intenta una aproximación al significado léxico de algunas palabras mediante primitivos y moléculas. Este trabajo se inserta en el Proyecto de Innovación "Piensapalabras" (2017/18, nº 125)

Subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin for prevention of disease in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trialResearch in context

Summary: Background: Anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin (hIG) can provide standardized and controlled antibody content. Data from controlled clinical trials using hIG for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 outpatients have not been reported. We assessed the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin 20% (C19-IG20%) compared to placebo in preventing development of symptomatic COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We did a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, in asymptomatic unvaccinated adults (≥18 years of age) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 5 days between April 28 and December 27, 2021. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive a blinded subcutaneous infusion of 10 mL with 1 g or 2 g of C19-IG20%, or an equivalent volume of saline as placebo. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants who remained asymptomatic through day 14 after infusion. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of individuals who required oxygen supplementation, any medically attended visit, hospitalisation, or ICU, and viral load reduction and viral clearance in nasopharyngeal swabs. Safety was assessed as the proportion of patients with adverse events. The trial was terminated early due to a lack of potential benefit in the target population in a planned interim analysis conducted in December 2021. ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT04847141. Findings: 461 individuals (mean age 39.6 years [SD 12.8]) were randomized and received the intervention within a mean of 3.1 (SD 1.27) days from a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. In the prespecified modified intention-to-treat analysis that included only participants who received a subcutaneous infusion, the primary outcome occurred in 59.9% (91/152) of participants receiving 1 g C19-IG20%, 64.7% (99/153) receiving 2 g, and 63.5% (99/156) receiving placebo (difference in proportions 1 g C19-IG20% vs. placebo, −3.6%; 95% CI -14.6% to 7.3%, p = 0.53; 2 g C19-IG20% vs placebo, 1.1%; −9.6% to 11.9%, p = 0.85). None of the secondary clinical efficacy endpoints or virological endpoints were significantly different between study groups. Adverse event rate was similar between groups, and no severe or life-threatening adverse events related to investigational product infusion were reported. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that administration of subcutaneous human hyperimmune immunoglobulin C19-IG20% to asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection was safe but did not prevent development of symptomatic COVID-19. Funding: Grifols