Compulsivity in Alcohol Use Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Implications for Neuromodulation

Alcohol use Disorder (AUD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The progression of the disorder is associated with the development of compulsive alcohol use, which in turn contributes to the high relapse rate and poor longer term functioning reported in most patients, even with treatment. While the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) defines AUD by a cluster of symptoms, parsing its heterogeneous phenotype by domains of behavior such as compulsivity may be a critical step to improve outcomes of this condition. Still, neurobiological underpinnings of compulsivity need to be fully elucidated in AUD in order to better design targeted treatment strategies. In this manuscript, we review and discuss findings supporting common mechanisms between AUD and OCD, dissecting the construct of compulsivity and focusing specifically on characteristic disruptions in habit learning and cognitive control in the two disorders. Finally, neuromodulatory interventions are proposed as a probe to test compulsivity as key pathophysiologic feature of AUD, and as a potential therapy for the subgroup of individuals with compulsive alcohol use, i.e., the more resistant stage of the disorder. This transdiagnostic approach may help to destigmatize the disorder, and suggest potential treatment targets across different conditions

Legal and other institutional aspects of groundwater governance

This chapter defines the linked concepts of groundwater governance and groundwater management, explaining how they differ from each other. Then, it describes the prevailing legal instruments for, and the institutional aspects of, groundwater management and governance

Transboundary aquifers

This chapter gives an overview of the status of transboundary aquifers and the cooperation related to shared groundwater resources, highlighting the complexity of the assessment, analysis and management of these systems. It summarizes the main challenges regarding transboundary aquifers and the need for more comprehensive and integrated management, which would include technical, legal and organizational aspects as well as training and cooperation

Public policy aspects of the provision of domestic water supply to low-income consumers in the devel

Master of ScienceNatural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/101211/1/39015003285841.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/101211/2/39015003285841.pd

Improvement of an MMS trajectory, in presence of GPS outage, using virtual positions

This paper show the main results obtained by some experimentations performed with the aim to improve the trajectory of the vehicle during GPS outages using GPS virtual positions. As well known the navigation system is generally constituted by one or more geodetic GNSS receivers and other sensors such as Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) and Odometers (ODO). The observations acquired by these sensors can be fused using Kalman Filter applied with different approaches (Tightly or Loosely Coupled); when all the navigation systems work well, the final accuracy can be at centimeters level. As well known in historical city centers the sky visibility can be reduced for the presence of high buildings closed to the streets. Working in wide areas the solution obtained by the data fusion between GPS and IMU sensors can be assumed as good and can constitute the reference trajectory useful to compare other solutions obtained in different ways. Starting from this reference solution other solution can be obtained performing a GPS outage simulation obtained cutting GPS solution for a defined window time. The new GPS file has been combined again with the IMU into the Kalman filter obtaining a solution in presence of a GPS outage. Starting from this last solution and disposing of the original file of GPS positions (without GPS outages), some simulation has been performed reintroducing some original GPS solutions into the file characterized by GPS outage and reprocessing the data into the Kalman filter. The reintroduction of the GPS positions simulates the correction potentially derived by topographic survey. In order to evaluate the influence of this approach in terms of accuracy and cost/benefit ratio, many tests using the three test areas has been performed and the obtained results are presented