Evaluation of IL1B rs1143634 and IL6 rs1800796 Polymorphisms with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Turkish Children

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by genetic, environmental and immunological factors. It is known that neural development processes are affected by immune functions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between cytokines IL6 and IL1B gene polymorphisms in ASD

Separation Individuation and Transitional Object Use in Daily Smoker Adolescents

Background Smoking is an important problem in adolescence. Early developmental trajectories are also associated with cigarette smoking. Objectives The present study aims to evaluate the separation-individuation process and use of transitional objects in daily smoker adolescents. Method The research included 97 adolescents who were daily smokers and 210 adolescents who were nonsmokers. Transitional object assessment questionnaire, strength and difficulties questionnaire- adolescent form(SDQ), children's depression inventory(CDI) and state-trait anxiety inventory for children(STAI-C), separation and individuation test of adolescence(SITA) were applied. Results SITA subscales scores of engulfment anxiety, need denial, and rejection expectancy was higher and separation anxiety, teacher enmeshment, nurturance seeking scores were statistically significantly lower in smoker adolescents than nonsmokers. In logistic regression analysis, separation anxiety(odds ratio [OR] 0.93; 95% confidence interval[CI] 0.87-0.98), teacher enmeshment(OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.88-0.98), practicing mirroring(OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.02,1.08) and rejection expectancy (OR 1.06 95% CI 1.02,1.11) were found to be predictors of daily smoking. The use of a childhood transitional object for feeling tired and the use of an adolescent transitional object for feeling anxious and tired was found to be significantly higher in smokers. Conclusions There are some differences in the process of separation-individuation and the use of transitional objects in the smoker group. This suggests that early developmental characteristics may be associated with smoking. Further studies are needed to better understand the causal relationship between smoking and the separation-individuation process and transitional object use

Düşük serum UCH-L1 ve TDP-43 düzeyleri otizmde bozulmuş ubikuinasyon sürecini yansıtabilir mi?

WOS: 000412669100014PubMed ID: 29033641Introduction: The mechanism of ubiquitination-related abnormalities causing neural development problems is still unclear. We examined the association between autism and serum transactive response DNAbinding protein-43 (TDP-43) and ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) levels, both of which are members of the ubiquitinproteosome system. Methods: We measured serum levels of TDP-43 and UCH-L1 in 24 children with autism and 24 healthy children. Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was used to assess symptom severity at admission. Results: The mean serum TDP-43 and UCH-L1 levels in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were found to decrease compared to healthy controls (p< 0.001, 506.21 +/- 780.97 ng/L and 1245.80 +/- 996.76 ng/L, respectively; 3.08 +/- 5.44 ng/mL and 8.64 +/- 6.67 ng/mL, respectively). A positive correlation between serum TDP-43 levels and UCH-L1 levels was found in the ASD group (r= 0.947, n= 24, p< 0.001). The CARS score of children with ASD was 48.91 points (standard deviation [SD]: 5.82). Conclusion: Low serum levels of UCH-L1 and TDP-43 may reflect disturbed ubiquitination in autism.Amaç: Protein ubikitinlenme ile ilgili bozuklukların nöronal gelişim sorunlarına nasıl yol açtığı açıklanamamıştır. Bu çalışmada, ubikuitin proteozom sistemine üye olan ubikuitin c-terminal hidrolaz-L1 (UCH-L1) ve transaktif yanıtlı DNA-bağlayıcı protein (TDP-43) düzylerinin otizm ile ilişkisi araştırılmıştır.Yöntemler: Bu bağlamda 24 otizm tanılı çocuk ve 24 sağlıklı çocukta serum TDP-43 ve UCH-L1 düzeylerine bakılmıştır. Otizm şiddet derecesi Çocukluk Otizm Derecelendirme Ölçeği (ÇODÖ) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Otizm tanılı çocukların başvuru sırasında ortalama ÇODÖ puanları 48.91 (SD: 5.82) idi. Sağlıklı gruba göre otizmli grupta serum TDP-43 ve Serum UCH-L1 düzeyleri anlamlı olarak düşüktü (sırasıyla 506,21±780,97 ng/L ve 1245,80±996,76 ng/L; 3,08±5,44 ng/mL ve 8,64±6,67 ng/mL; p<0.001). Serum TDP-43 and UCH-L1 düzeyleri arasında pozitif korelasyon anlamlı olarak tespit edildi (r=0.947, n= 24, p<0.001).Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, düşük UCHL-L1 ve TDP-43 düzeylerinin, otizmde bozulmuş ubikitinlenme sürecini yansıtabileceği düşünülmüştür.Batman University Scientific Research Project Coordination Center [BTUBAP-2015-YL1]This research was supported by Grants from Batman University Scientific Research Project Coordination Center (BTUBAP-2015-YL1

Relationships between dissociation, obsessive beliefs, and self-esteem in juvenile obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case-controlled clinical study

A body of accumulating evidence showed that dissociation, obsessive-beliefs, and poor self-esteem are causally implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in adult samples. This study aimed at expanding and refining the current evidence in children and adolescents. A total of 41 patients with OCD and 51 healthy individuals, aged between 11 and 17, were included in the study. The Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI), Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES), Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale - Child Version (RCADS- CV), and Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire - Child Version (OBQ-CV) were completed by participants. The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version DSM-5 (K-SADS PL DSM-5) and Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS-C) were further administered among juvenile OCD patients. Specific phobias (39.0%), depressive disorders (22.0%), social phobia (17.1%), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (12.2%) were the more prevalent comorbid clinical conditions in the OCD group. A-DES scores were significantly associated with both obsessions and compulsions subscales of the CY-BOCS-C in the clinical group. OCD-afflicted youths had lower levels of general self-esteem than healthy controls (HC). Most and foremost, low general self-esteem and maternal psychopathology significantly contributed to the development and maintenance of juvenile OCD. We found no support for the significant associations of obsessional beliefs with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Compared to healthy youths, the results suggested that juvenile OCD seems to pursue a different developmental pathway concerning dissociative symptomatology and self-concept

Eating behaviors and alexithymic features of obese and overweight adolescents

Background In this study, eating behaviors and alexithymia levels in obese adolescents were investigated. Relationships between alexithymia, eating behavior and insulin resistance were studied. Methods The patient group consisted of 87 obese adolescents or overweight adolescents (O + OW). The comparison group consisted of 101 normal weight adolescents (N). Alexithymia Questionnaire for Children, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version, are used for assessing adolescents. The homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance was calculated to determine insulin resistance. Results Alexithymia Questionnaire for Children scores were significantly higher in O + OW than N (P = 0.009). Both emotional and restrained eating scores are higher in O + OW (P < 0.001 for both). On the other hand, external eating scores were not significantly different. In O + OW, external eating was positively associated with homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (r: 035, P = 0.006), but is not associated with fasting blood glucose and the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (r: -0.05, P = 0.62; r: -0.05, P = 0.73). Regression analysis showed that restrained and emotional eating were predictors of O + OW (B: 0.1, P < 0.001; B: 0.06, P = 0.001). Emotional eating was positively correlated with the Alexithymia Questionnaire for Children and Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version in O + OW (r: 0.29, P = 0.008; r: 0.48, P < 0.001). Conclusions Obese and overweight adolescents were more alexithymic than normal weight adolescents. Alexithymia scores were also positively associated with emotional eating. On the other hand, alexithymia was not a predictor of obesity/overweight. Restrained and emotional eating were predictors of obesity/overweight. Emotional and restrained eating were more common in obese and overweight adolescents than normal-weight adolescents. External eating is not significantly associated with obesity but is related to insulin resistance

Child Abuse as an Example of Coexistence of Emotional and Physical Trauma Among Children: An Academic Overview With Altmetric Perspective

Introduction: Child abuse combines emotional, physical, sexual, and neglect aspects of violence, thus diversifying the trauma for a child. Publications about child abuse had been discussed in academia for long years and evaluated by bibliometric analysis, frequently. This study aims to evaluate the most discussed/disseminated scientific publications about child abuse in electronic media such as social media accounts, blogs, podcasts, and media news sites using a new analysis method called altmetric analysis

Diabetes-specific eating disorder and possible associated psychopathologies in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

PurposeIt was aimed to investigate the frequency of the risk of diabetes-specific eating disorder (DSED) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to reveal the accompanying psychopathologies.MethodsAdolescents with T1DM aged 12-18 who applied to the pediatric diabetes outpatient clinic between July 2021 and March 2022 were included. Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised (DEPS-R) was applied to all patients to determine the risk of DSED. In order to detect accompanying psychopathologies, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child version (RCADS) and Parenting Style Scale were applied. After completing the scales, semi-structured interviews were conducted with all patients by a child and adolescent psychiatrist.ResultsNinety-two adolescents (45 boys, 47 girls) were included. DSED risk was found in 23.9% of the cases. A positive correlation was found between DEPS-R and EDE-Q scores (p = 0.001, rho = 0.370). RCADS mean scores were significantly higher in the group with DSED risk (p < 0.001). When the Parenting Style Scale was evaluated, psychological autonomy scores were significantly lower in the group with DSED risk (p = 0.029). As a result of the psychiatric interviews, 30 (32.6%) patients had at least 1 psychiatric disorder. Of these, 2 patients were diagnosed with eating disorder.ConclusionAlmost one-fourth of adolescents with T1DM were found to be at risk of DSED. Routine screening of adolescents with T1DM with the DEPS-R scale may provide early detection of DSED, and referral of those at risk to child psychiatry enables early diagnosis and intervention for both eating disorders and accompanying psychopathologies