Historical Newspaper User Interfaces: A Review

After decades of large-scale digitization, many historical newspaper collections are just one click away via online portals developed and supported by various public or private stakeholders. Initially offering access to full text search and facsimiles visualization only, historic newspaper user interfaces are increasingly integrating advanced exploration features based on the application of text mining tools to digitized sources. As gateways to enriched material, such interfaces are however not neutral and play a fundamental role in how users perceive historical sources, understand potential biases of upstream processes and benefit from the opportunities of datafication. What features can be found in current interfaces, and to what degree do interfaces adopt novel technologies? This paper presents a survey of interfaces for digitized historical newspapers with the aim of mapping the current state of the art and identifying recent trends with regard to content presentation, enrichment and user interaction. We devised 6 interface assessment criteria and reviewed twenty-four interfaces based on ca. 140 predefined features

Impresso Inspect and Compare. Visual Comparison of Semantically Enriched Historical Newspaper Articles

The automated enrichment of mass-digitised document collections using techniques such as text mining is becoming increasingly popular. Enriched collections offer new opportunities for interface design to allow data-driven and visualisation-based search, exploration and interpretation. Most such interfaces integrate close and distant reading and represent semantic, spatial, social or temporal relations, but often lack contrastive views. Inspect and Compare (I\&C) contributes to the current state of the art in interface design for historical newspapers with highly versatile side-by-side comparisons of query results and curated article sets based on metadata and semantic enrichments. I\&C takes search queries and pre-curated article sets as inputs and allows comparisons based on the distributions of newspaper titles, publication dates and automatically generated enrichments, such as language, article types, topics and named entities. Contrastive views of such data reveal patterns, help humanities scholars to improve search strategies and to facilitate a critical assessment of the overall data quality. I\&C is part of the impresso interface for the exploration of digitised and semantically enriched historical newspapers

Historical Newspaper Content Mining: Revisiting the impresso Project's Challenges in Text and Image Processing, Design and Historical Scholarship

impresso. Media Monitoring of the Past is an interdisciplinary research project in which a team of computational linguists, designers and historians collaborate on the datafication of a multilingual corpus of digitised historical newspapers. The primary goals of the project are to improve text mining tools for historical text, to enrich historical newspapers with (semi-) automatically generated data and to integrate such data into historical research workflows by means of a newly developed user interface. In this paper we discuss our efforts to overcome inherent challenges and to integrate text mining and data visualisation applications in general historical research practices which are characterised by search operations as well as the need to create topical collections

impresso Text Reuse at Scale. An interface for the exploration of text reuse data in semantically enriched historical newspapers

Text Reuse reveals meaningful reiterations of text in large corpora. Humanities researchers use text reuse to study, e.g., the posterior reception of influential texts or to reveal evolving publication practices of historical media. This research is often supported by interactive visualizations which highlight relations and differences between text segments. In this paper, we build on earlier work in this domain. We present impresso Text Reuse at Scale, the to our knowledge first interface which integrates text reuse data with other forms of semantic enrichment to enable a versatile and scalable exploration of intertextual relations in historical newspaper corpora. The Text Reuse at Scale interface was developed as part of the impresso project and combines powerful search and filter operations with close and distant reading perspectives. We integrate text reuse data with enrichments derived from topic modeling, named entity recognition and classification, language and document type detection as well as a rich set of newspaper metadata. We report on historical research objectives and common user tasks for the analysis of historical text reuse data and present the prototype interface together with the results of a user evaluation

Communities, Harvesting, and CGIF: Building the Research Data Graph at NFDI4Culture

NFDI4Culture provides the Culture Knowledge Graph to facilitate FAIRness in its communities. It provides a lightweight infrastructure that interconnects research data from diverse domains such as architectural studies, art history, musicology, performing arts, and media studies. To allow further exploration of resources across individual knowledge silos, the graph is designed to be compatible with other research areas as well. It requires data providers to implement the Culture Graph Interchange Format, a subset of schema.org classes and properties, either as embedded metadata, an API, or a SPARQL endpoint that can be harvested, or as an RDF data dump. Connections between resources are established via controlled vocabularies, and ingested data is made available via the Culture Information Portal\u27s SPARQL endpoint. After introducing the infrastructural need, the paper reviews comparable solutions, describes the graph, discusses technical choices, and outlines our engagement within and beyond NFDI4Culture

Political Consulting in the Early Federal RepublicWhat role did the DGAP play in West German-Polish rapprochement?

DGAPanalyse 13Was ist Politikberatung, und was kann sie leisten? Ein Blick in das Archiv der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik (DGAP) bietet hierzu interessante Erkenntnisse. Am Beispiel der Entwicklung der „Neuen Ostpolitik“ ab Mitte der 1960er Jahre geht Estelle Bunout der Frage nach, welche Rolle die DGAP im politischen Austausch- und Meinungsbildungsprozess in den deutsch-polnischen Beziehungen gespielt hat.What is political consulting, and what can it achieve? A look in the archives of the German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP) provides some interesting insights. Using the example of developments in Germany’s “New Eastern Policy” from the mid-1960s, Estelle Bunout pursues the question of what role the DGAP played in the political exchange and opinion making process in West German-Polish relations

Vertrauensbildende Gespräche als Werkzeug der Sicherheit? Die DGAP als Gesprächskanal zwischen der Sowjetunion und Westdeutschland (1955–1990)

International audienceDie Sicherheitsvorstellungen in der Bundesrepublik standen im Kalten Krieg im engen Zusammenhang mit den Vorstellungen der sowjetischen Sicherheitspolitik. Die sowje- tische Sicht von europäischen Sicherheitsfragen, darunter die »deutsche Frage«, wurde in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland allerdings durch die schwierigen Kommunikations- möglichkeiten, aber auch wegen des Mangels an Vertrauen gegenüber den sowjetischen Quellen verzerrt. Angesichts des vorherrschenden Misstrauens, das die Lösung der deutschen Frage in den Augen mancher westdeutscher Akteure der außenpolitischen Diskussion behinderte, kam es zu Bemühungen, das Verhältnis von Vorurteilen zu be- freien. Durch »neutrale« wissenschaftliche Analysen und spätere direkte Kontakte mit sowjetischen Experten wollte man ermöglichen, glaubwürdige Kenntnisse über die Si- cherheitskultur der Sowjetunion zu gewinnen.Diese Entwicklung lässt sich anhand der Arbeit der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Aus- wärtige Politik (DGAP) mit ihrer Studiengruppe »Ost« und der bilateralen Gespräche mit dem Moskauer Institut für Weltwirtschaft und internationale Beziehungen (Институт мировой экономики и международных отношений, IMEMO) gut nachvollziehen, be- sonders weil sich dort die Träger der verschiedenen Einstellungen der westdeutschen Gesellschaft gegenüber der Sowjetunion außerhalb der Öffentlichkeit austauschen konnten. Zudem zeigen die Unterredungen, die an Empathie orientiert waren, das Streben nach Vertrauensaufbau

Les regards experts sur l’Est en Allemagne et en Pologne : émergence, cristallisation et révision (1918-1972)

he First World War was the catalyst for social and technical changes, which gave rise to new administrative needs, materialized by the emergence of a new social group: that of the experts. In modern German and Polish states, a particular group of experts stands out, specializing in a theme with deep cultural roots: eastern Europe.The changes of regime and territory between 1918 and 1972 destabilize the frame of reference of the German and Polish societies, particularly between 1939 and 1945. However, the historiography of Eastern German sciences (Ostforschung) emphasizes the personal, institutional and conceptual continuity in the expertise of the East from the "Third Reich" to West Germany. In East Germany and Poland, on the contrary, the change of regime after 1945 renders any continuity impossible, but the question of the evolution of the thought on the East in the circles of the expertise, which maintained, remains asked.By going beyond the analysis of expertise in terms of subordination to the various political regimes to which it is addressed, we highlight the specificities of Eastern expertise. It is characterized by a double anchoring in the collective imagination and in contemporary scientific practices, to express a political goal. This anchorage explains the inertia in the German and Polish conceptions of the East. The comparatist approach emphasizes both the diversity of Eastern conceptions and the comparable social functions of the East, particularly that of the enemy and the space of national projection, past and futureLa 1e Guerre mondiale fut le catalyseur de mutations sociales et techniques, qui suscitent de nouveaux besoins d’administration, matérialisés par l’émergence d’un nouveau groupe social: celui des experts. Dans les États modernes allemands et polonais, un groupe particulier d’experts se détache, qui se spécialisent dans une thématique aux profondes racines culturelles : l’Est européen.Les changements de régime et de territoire entre 1918 et 1972 déstabilisent le cadre de référence des sociétés allemandes et polonaises, particulièrement entre 1939 et 1945. Cependant, l’historiographie des sciences de l’Est allemandes (Ostforschung) souligne les continuités personnelles, institutionnelles et conceptuelles fortes dans l’expertise de l’Est du « IIIe Reich » à l’Allemagne de l’Ouest. En Allemagne de l’Est et en Pologne, au contraire, le changement de régime après 1945 rend impossible toute continuité, mais la question de l’évolution de la pensée sur l’Est dans les cercles de l’expertise, qui eux se maintiennent, reste posée.En dépassant l’analyse de l’expertise en termes de subordination aux différents régimes politiques auxquels elle s’adresse, nous mettons en valeur les spécificités de l’expertise de l’Est. Elle se caractérise par un double ancrage dans l’imaginaire collectif et dans les pratiques scientifiques contemporaines, pour exprimer un but politique. Cet ancrage explique l’inertie dans les conceptions allemandes et polonaises de l’Est. L’approche comparatiste souligne tant la diversité des conceptions de l’Est, que les fonctions sociales comparables de l’Est, notamment celle d’ennemi et d’espace de projection nationale, passée et à veni

Minderheitenpolitik als Interaktion? Die staatlichen Institutionen der Zweiten Polnischen Republik und die "nichtpolnischen" Staatsbürger (1918-1939) - Tagungsberichte

Compte-rendu d'une série de conférence sur la question des minorités en Pologne entre 1918 et 1939.Ziel dieser Kolloquienreihe war es, sich mit der Struktur der Minderheitenpolitik des neugegründeten polnischen Staates zu befassen um die Komplexität und Vielfalt dieser Politiken zu verstehen. Die Beiträge von Forschern aus Polen, der Ukraine, aus Deutschland sowie die Gliederung der Vorträge nach den verschiedenen Zweigen der staatlichen Organisationen boten dazu ergänzende Zugänge. Die einzelnen Vorträge handelten von den grundlegenden Konzeptionen der Minderheitspolitik in Polen in der Zwischenkriegszeit, deren Durchführung und die Rezeption durch die Minderheiten. Durch diese drei Aspekte der Minderheitspolitiken strebte diese Kolloquienreihe die Bearbeitung einer neuen Betrachtungsweise dieser interethnischen Beziehungen an

Expert glances on the East in Germany and Poland : emergence, formalisation and revision (1918-1972)

La 1e Guerre mondiale fut le catalyseur de mutations sociales et techniques, qui suscitent de nouveaux besoins d’administration, matérialisés par l’émergence d’un nouveau groupe social: celui des experts. Dans les États modernes allemands et polonais, un groupe particulier d’experts se détache, qui se spécialisent dans une thématique aux profondes racines culturelles : l’Est européen.Les changements de régime et de territoire entre 1918 et 1972 déstabilisent le cadre de référence des sociétés allemandes et polonaises, particulièrement entre 1939 et 1945. Cependant, l’historiographie des sciences de l’Est allemandes (Ostforschung) souligne les continuités personnelles, institutionnelles et conceptuelles fortes dans l’expertise de l’Est du « IIIe Reich » à l’Allemagne de l’Ouest. En Allemagne de l’Est et en Pologne, au contraire, le changement de régime après 1945 rend impossible toute continuité, mais la question de l’évolution de la pensée sur l’Est dans les cercles de l’expertise, qui eux se maintiennent, reste posée.En dépassant l’analyse de l’expertise en termes de subordination aux différents régimes politiques auxquels elle s’adresse, nous mettons en valeur les spécificités de l’expertise de l’Est. Elle se caractérise par un double ancrage dans l’imaginaire collectif et dans les pratiques scientifiques contemporaines, pour exprimer un but politique. Cet ancrage explique l’inertie dans les conceptions allemandes et polonaises de l’Est. L’approche comparatiste souligne tant la diversité des conceptions de l’Est, que les fonctions sociales comparables de l’Est, notamment celle d’ennemi et d’espace de projection nationale, passée et à venirThe First World War was the catalyst for social and technical changes, which gave rise to new administrative needs, materialized by the emergence of a new social group: that of the experts. In modern German and Polish states, a particular group of experts stands out, specializing in a theme with deep cultural roots: eastern Europe.The changes of regime and territory between 1918 and 1972 destabilize the frame of reference of the German and Polish societies, particularly between 1939 and 1945. However, the historiography of Eastern German sciences (Ostforschung) emphasizes the personal, institutional and conceptual continuity in the expertise of the East from the "Third Reich" to West Germany. In East Germany and Poland, on the contrary, the change of regime after 1945 renders any continuity impossible, but the question of the evolution of the thought on the East in the circles of the expertise, which maintained, remains asked.By going beyond the analysis of expertise in terms of subordination to the various political regimes to which it is addressed, we highlight the specificities of Eastern expertise. It is characterized by a double anchoring in the collective imagination and in contemporary scientific practices, to express a political goal. This anchorage explains the inertia in the German and Polish conceptions of the East. The comparatist approach emphasizes both the diversity of Eastern conceptions and the comparable social functions of the East, particularly that of the enemy and the space of national projection, past and futur