Passaic River Tunnel Diversion Model Study. Report 5: Water Quality Modeling

Source: https://erdc-library.erdc.dren.mil/jspui/The Passaic River and Newark Bay form part of the complex New York-New Jersey harbor system. A diversion tunnel has been proposed to alleviate flooding in the upper portion of the Passaic River basin. The tunnel will divert flow from the headwaters of the Passaic directly to the upper end of Newark Bay. The objective of the study is to provide information required to evaluate the effect of the diversion tunnel on living resources in the vicinity of the tunnel outlet. Three living-resource parameters were selected for examination: salinity, water temperature, and dissolved-oxygen concentration. Impacts were examined through use of the CE-QUAL-ICM water quality model. State variables in the model included salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, ultimate biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand. The model was calibrated to field data collected from July to September 1994. Hydrodynamics for the water quality model were supplied by the CH3D hydrodynamic model. A matrix of scenarios was constructed to examine the impact of tunnel discharge on receiving waters. Base scenarios specified future conditions without the tunnel. Wet-tunnel scenarios examined future conditions with the tunnel in operation and with floodwater remaining in the tunnel between flood events. Dry-tunnel scenarios examined future conditions with the tunnel in operation and with the tunnel pumped dry between flood events. Three flood conditions were considered: 2-year storm, 25-year storm, and 100-year storm. Scenarios were designed to illustrate the worst-case impact of the discharge tunnel on salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. Under worst-case conditions, impact of the tunnel on dissolved oxygen and temperature was minimal in magnitude, short-lived, and of limited spatial extent. Impact of the tunnel on salinity was indiscernible

A Preliminary Laboratory Study of Initial Copper Release from Dredge Residuals

A preliminary laboratory study was conducted to investigate the impact of different residual types and sediment surface roughness on copper contaminant fluxes to the water column. Sediments from Torch Lake, Michigan served as the test samples. These sediments are mining by-products with elevated Cu levels. Six experiments were run during which the sediments were conditioned to simulate different forms of residuals. During these experiments, the water column above the sediments was circulated via peristaltic pumping or orbital shaking and the total and dissolved Cu levels were monitored periodically for 15 days. Dissolved Cu levels indicated that during the first 48 hr the water column concentrations approached equilibrium for all six cases. Total Cu levels increased with time and did reach equilibrium but were more susceptible to fluctuations in water column suspended solids levels. Analysis of the resulting dissolved Cu data indicated that the resulting water column Cu concentrations differed with sediment surface and residual type. The highest dissolved Cu water column concentrations were observed for a roughened surface with a larger surface area. The lowest water column dissolved Cu levels were observed for the case with sediment slurry placed over clean sand. The dissolved Cu levels in the water column for all six simulated conditions were several orders higher than the USEPA ambient water quality criteria for protection of aquatic life. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Modeling of Lower Green Bay, Wisconsin. Volume I: Main Text and Appendixes A-E

Source: https://erdc-library.erdc.dren.mil/jspui/A confined disposal facility (CDF) for dredged material presently exists in lower Green Bay, Wisconsin. A planned expansion of the CDF was studied to assess its impact on current patterns and subsequent redistribution of dissolved oxygen in the immediate vicinity of the proposed expansion. The redistribution is, in part, dependent on the magnitude and direction of currents generated by stonn-induced seiches occurring in Lake Michigan and within the bay itself. Two-dimensional, vertically averaged hydrodynamic and water quality models were applied to make this assessment by investigating the spatial and temporal variations in dissolved oxygen concentrations for existing and proposed configurations. Field data collected over three summers were used for calibrating and validating the hydrodynamic model. The water quality model was calibrated with field data collected over one summer. Results and conclusions of the modeling effort are summarized in this report. NOTE: This file is large. Allow your browser several minutes to download the file

ARE Update Volume 9, Number 6

What Exactly Are They Paying For? Explaining the Price Premium for Organic Fresh Produce.Farm Household Wealth: Where Does it Come From?Assessing Geographic Branding Strategies: Lessons for Country-of-Origin Labeling

Vitamin B5 supports MYC oncogenic metabolism and tumor progression in breast cancer.

Tumors are intrinsically heterogeneous and it is well established that this directs their evolution, hinders their classification and frustrates therapy1-3. Consequently, spatially resolved omics-level analyses are gaining traction4-9. Despite considerable therapeutic interest, tumor metabolism has been lagging behind this development and there is a paucity of data regarding its spatial organization. To address this shortcoming, we set out to study the local metabolic effects of the oncogene c-MYC, a pleiotropic transcription factor that accumulates with tumor progression and influences metabolism10,11. Through correlative mass spectrometry imaging, we show that pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) associates with MYC-high areas within both human and murine mammary tumors, where its conversion to coenzyme A fuels Krebs cycle activity. Mechanistically, we show that this is accomplished by MYC-mediated upregulation of its multivitamin transporter SLC5A6. Notably, we show that SLC5A6 over-expression alone can induce increased cell growth and a shift toward biosynthesis, whereas conversely, dietary restriction of pantothenic acid leads to a reversal of many MYC-mediated metabolic changes and results in hampered tumor growth. Our work thus establishes the availability of vitamins and cofactors as a potential bottleneck in tumor progression, which can be exploited therapeutically. Overall, we show that a spatial understanding of local metabolism facilitates the identification of clinically relevant, tractable metabolic targets