Tool Measures Depths of Defects on a Case Tang Joint

A special-purpose tool has been developed for measuring the depths of defects on an O-ring seal surface. The surface lies in a specially shaped ringlike fitting, called a capture feature tang, located on an end of a cylindrical segment of a case that contains a solid-fuel booster rocket motor for launching a space shuttle. The capture feature tang is a part of a tang-and-clevis, O-ring joint between the case segment and a similar, adjacent cylindrical case segment. When the segments are joined, the tang makes an interference fit with the clevis and squeezes the O-ring at the side of the gap

Determinants of Collaborative Leadership: Civic Engagement, Gender or Organizational Norms?

This analysis attempts to unravel competing explanations of collaborative leadership styles of state legislative committee chairs. Specifically, the paper considers the influence of community or volunteer experience, gender, and institutional variables. The data show that women chairs are more likely than their male peers to cite as valuable the leadership skills and experiences that they gain through community and volunteer experience. Compared to their male colleagues, women committee chairs on average also report a greater reliance on collaborative strategies in the management of their committees. Prior community or volunteer experience has little or no direct effect on collaborative styles. In contrast, institutional factors have a much stronger and countervailing influence. Legislative professionalization produces a strong negative effect on collaborative style. Results suggest that conformity to institutional norms may be a more compelling influence than prior community experience. The analysis also points to the gendered nature of organizational leadership with men's and women's styles showing different associations to style depending on the number and power of women in a legislature.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Antenatal Care Among Pregnant Women and its Association With Sociodemographic Factors: A Hospital-Based Study

Knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) for an antenatal check-up during pregnancy is a key indicator of a healthcare facility in a community. Antenatal care (ANC) is a useful practice for lowering infant and maternal mortality. Therefore, the present study was planned to estimate knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding ANC among pregnant women and determine its association with sociodemographic factors. This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 pregnant women through convenience sampling from March 2020 to February 2021. A semistructured questionnaire included sociodemographic and obstetrical history, and scored questionnaire on KAP was used. The analysis included parametric, nonparametric, and Pearson correlation coefficient tests. The finding of the study revealed that pregnant women had average knowledge (96%), positive attitudes (98.75%), and good practices (58.5%) toward ANC. The level of overall knowledge had a positive correlation with the practices toward ANC ( r  = 0.18, P  < 0.001). The sociodemographic association showed that age, type of family, education, and occupation had a significant association with awareness and practices about ANC. Furthermore, the practice of ANC in our study area was low despite good knowledge and attitude toward ANC. Further, exploratory studies are required and need to be planned to improve practices in prenatal care and ultimately improve their health

Family composition of vascular epiphytes varies by directional quadrant

Vascular epiphytes are an extremely diverse and prevalent plant-form of neotropical cloud forests, and are strongly affected by abiotic factors including light and moisture. The goal of this study was to determine whether the family composition and diversity of vascular epiphytes living on pasture tree trunks differed by quadrant (northeast, northwest, southeast, and southwest). It was hypothesized that the northeast quadrant would exhibit the greatest diversity due to the mist-laden trade winds blowing from that direction. Twenty trees in a pasture surrounded by lower montane wet forest in Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica were divided into four quadrants and sampled for vascular epiphytes (N = 597 plants), which were tallied by family. A Chi-squared analysis revealed that there was a nonrandom frequency of families across quadrants (x2 = 29.445, df = 12, P = 0.0034). The family diversity of the northeast (H’ = 2.067) was significantly higher than the diversity of the southwest (H’ = 1.817; t = 2.497, df = 263.04). Additionally, there were more bromeliads in the northeast than expected (54 observed, 34.7 expected), and less than expected in the southeast (15 observed, 22.1 expected) and southwest (7 observed, 18.4 expected). Also, there were more Pteridophytes in the southwest than expected (45 observed, 36.8 expected) and less than expected in the northeast (54 observed, 69.5 expected). These differences may be due to a combination of abiotic and biotic factors related to moisture acquisition by the epiphytes. Las epífitas vasculares son una forma vegetal extremadamente diversa y frecuente en los bosques nubosos neotropicales, y se ven fuertemente afectados por factores abióticos incluyendo luz y humedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la composición de la familia y la diversidad de las epífitas vasculares que viven en los troncos de los árboles en los potreros diferenciados por cuadrante (noreste, noroeste, sureste, y sudoeste). Se hizo una hipótesis de que el cuadrante noreste mostraría la mayor diversidad debido a los vientos alisios cargados de humedad soplando de esa dirección. Veinte árboles en un potrero rodeado de bosque húmedo montano bajo en Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica fueron divididos en cuatro cuadrantes y muestreados para la existencia de epífitas vasculares (N = 597 plantas), que fueron identificadas por familia. Un análisis Chi-cuadrado reveló que había una frecuencia no aleatoria de familias a través de los cuadrantes (x2 = 29.445, df = 12, P = 0.0034). La diversidad de familias del noreste (H’= 2.067) era perceptiblemente más alta que la diversidad del sudoeste (H’ = 1,817; t = 2,497, df=263.04). Además, había más bromelias en el noreste que lo esperado (54 observados, 34,7 esperados), y menos que lo esperado en el sureste (15 observados, 22,1 esperados) y en el sudoeste (7 observados, 18,4 esperados). También, había más pteridófitos en el sudoeste que lo esperado (45 observados, 36,8 esperados) y menos que lo esperado en el noreste (54 observados, 69,5 esperados). Estas diferencias pueden ser debido a una combinación de factores abióticos y bióticos relacionados con la absorción de humedad por las epífitas.https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/tropical_ecology/1403/thumbnail.jp

Family composition of vascular epiphytes varies by directional quadrant

Vascular epiphytes are an extremely diverse and prevalent plant-form of neotropical cloud forests, and are strongly affected by abiotic factors including light and moisture. The goal of this study was to determine whether the family composition and diversity of vascular epiphytes living on pasture tree trunks differed by quadrant (northeast, northwest, southeast, and southwest). It was hypothesized that the northeast quadrant would exhibit the greatest diversity due to the mist-laden trade winds blowing from that direction. Twenty trees in a pasture surrounded by lower montane wet forest in Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica were divided into four quadrants and sampled for vascular epiphytes (N = 597 plants), which were tallied by family. A Chi-squared analysis revealed that there was a nonrandom frequency of families across quadrants (x2 = 29.445, df = 12, P = 0.0034). The family diversity of the northeast (H’ = 2.067) was significantly higher than the diversity of the southwest (H’ = 1.817; t = 2.497, df = 263.04). Additionally, there were more bromeliads in the northeast than expected (54 observed, 34.7 expected), and less than expected in the southeast (15 observed, 22.1 expected) and southwest (7 observed, 18.4 expected). Also, there were more Pteridophytes in the southwest than expected (45 observed, 36.8 expected) and less than expected in the northeast (54 observed, 69.5 expected). These differences may be due to a combination of abiotic and biotic factors related to moisture acquisition by the epiphytes. Las epífitas vasculares son una forma vegetal extremadamente diversa y frecuente en los bosques nubosos neotropicales, y se ven fuertemente afectados por factores abióticos incluyendo luz y humedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la composición de la familia y la diversidad de las epífitas vasculares que viven en los troncos de los árboles en los potreros diferenciados por cuadrante (noreste, noroeste, sureste, y sudoeste). Se hizo una hipótesis de que el cuadrante noreste mostraría la mayor diversidad debido a los vientos alisios cargados de humedad soplando de esa dirección. Veinte árboles en un potrero rodeado de bosque húmedo montano bajo en Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica fueron divididos en cuatro cuadrantes y muestreados para la existencia de epífitas vasculares (N = 597 plantas), que fueron identificadas por familia. Un análisis Chi-cuadrado reveló que había una frecuencia no aleatoria de familias a través de los cuadrantes (x2 = 29.445, df = 12, P = 0.0034). La diversidad de familias del noreste (H’= 2.067) era perceptiblemente más alta que la diversidad del sudoeste (H’ = 1,817; t = 2,497, df=263.04). Además, había más bromelias en el noreste que lo esperado (54 observados, 34,7 esperados), y menos que lo esperado en el sureste (15 observados, 22,1 esperados) y en el sudoeste (7 observados, 18,4 esperados). También, había más pteridófitos en el sudoeste que lo esperado (45 observados, 36,8 esperados) y menos que lo esperado en el noreste (54 observados, 69,5 esperados). Estas diferencias pueden ser debido a una combinación de factores abióticos y bióticos relacionados con la absorción de humedad por las epífitas.https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/tropical_ecology/1403/thumbnail.jp