489 research outputs found
Rescuing Broken Dependency in Korean Fragments
Korean FAs with/without their morphological markers can be captured by ellipsis approach. The presence and absence of trouble makers encoded with offending *s determines the acceptability of FAs. The proposed analysis extends to the variability of postposition-stranding and a certain asymmetry in island-violating fragments.
Upper bound of the charge diffusion constant in holography
We investigate the upper bound of charge diffusion constant in holography.
For this purpose, we apply the conjectured upper bound proposal related to the
equilibration scales () to the
Einstein-Maxwell-Axion model. () is defined
as the collision point between the diffusive hydrodynamic mode and the first
non-hydrodynamic mode, giving rise to the upper bound of the diffusion constant
at low temperature as . We show
that the upper bound proposal also works for the charge diffusion and
(), at low , is determined by and the
scaling dimension of an infra-red operator as , as for
other diffusion constants. However, for the charge diffusion, we find that the
collision occurs at real , while it is complex for other
diffusions. In order to examine the universality of the conjectured upper
bound, we also introduce a higher derivative coupling to the
Einstein-Maxwell-Axion model. This coupling is particularly interesting since
it leads to the violation of the \textit{lower} bound of the charge diffusion
constant so the correction may also have effects on the \textit{upper} bound of
the charge diffusion. We find that the higher derivative coupling does not
affect the upper bound so that the conjectured upper bound would not be easily
violated.Comment: v1: 23 pages, 10 figures; v2: minor edits, references adde
Radical Structures of Fuzzy Polynomial Ideals in a Ring
We investigate the radical structure of a fuzzy polynomial ideal induced by a fuzzy ideal of a ring and study its properties. Given a fuzzy ideal β of R and a homomorphism f:R→R′, we show that if fx is the induced homomorphism of f, that is, fx(∑i=0naixi)=∑i=0nf(ai)xi, then fx-1[(β)x]=(f-1(β))x
Antiretroviral Genotypic Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Infected Korean Patients with Virologic Failure
Resistance assays are useful in guiding decisions for patients experiencing virologic failure (VF) during highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We investigated antiretroviral resistance mutations in 41 Korean human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected patients with VF and observed immunologic/virologic response 6 months after HAART regimen change. Mean HAART duration prior to resistance assay was 45.3±27.5 months and commonly prescribed HAART regimens were zidovudine/lamivudine/nelfinavir (22.0%) and zidovudine/lamivudine/efavirenz (19.5%). Forty patients (97.6%) revealed intermediate to high-level resistance to equal or more than 2 antiretroviral drugs among prescribed HAART regimen. M184V/I mutation was observed in 36 patients (87.7%) followed by T215Y/F (41.5%) and M46I/L (34%). Six months after resistance assay and HAART regimen change, median CD4+ T cell count increased from 168 cells/µL (interquartile range [IQR], 62-253) to 276 cells/µL (IQR, 153-381) and log viral load decreased from 4.65 copies/mL (IQR, 4.18-5.00) to 1.91 copies/mL (IQR, 1.10-3.60) (P<0.001 for both values). The number of patients who accomplished viral load <400 copies/mL was 26 (63.4%) at 6 months follow-up. In conclusion, many Korean HIV-1 infected patients with VF are harboring strains with multiple resistance mutations and immunologic/virologic parameters are improved significantly after genotypic resistance assay and HAART regimen change
Holography and magnetohydrodynamics with dynamical gauge fields
Within the framework of holography, the Einstein-Maxwell action with
Dirichlet boundary conditions corresponds to a dual conformal field theory in
presence of an external gauge field. Nevertheless, in many real-world
applications, e.g., magnetohydrodynamics, plasma physics, superconductors, etc.
dynamical gauge fields and Coulomb interactions are fundamental. In this work,
we consider bottom-up holographic models at finite magnetic field and (free)
charge density in presence of dynamical boundary gauge fields which are
introduced using mixed boundary conditions. We numerically study the spectrum
of the lowest quasi-normal modes and successfully compare the obtained results
to magnetohydrodynamics theory in dimensions. Surprisingly, as far as the
electromagnetic coupling is small enough, we find perfect agreement even in the
large magnetic field limit. Our results prove that a holographic description of
magnetohydrodynamics does not necessarily need higher-form bulk fields but can
be consistently derived using mixed boundary conditions for standard gauge
fields.Comment: 54 pages, 22 figure
Clinical Review of Endogenous Endophthalmitis in Korea: A 14-Year Review of Culture Positive Cases of Two Large Hospitals
PURPOSE: To identify the clinical features and outcomes of endogenous endophthalmitis in Korea.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 18 patients with endogenous endophthalmitis at 2 Korean hospitals, treated over a 14 year period between January 1993 and December 2006.
RESULTS: The comorbidities observed in these cases were diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis. The most common pathogens, which were found in 7 patients each (38.9%), were Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All patients were treated with systemic antibiotics and fortified topical antibiotics. A surgical approach including vitrectomy was performed in 9 cases (50.0%). The prognosis was generally poor, and visual acuity improved slightly in 6 patients (33.3%).
CONCLUSION: In this study, diabetes mellitus and Klebsiella pneumonia showed a close relationship with endogenous endophthalmitis, respectively. Endogenous endophthalmitis is a serious risk to sight and careful attention to establishing the diagnosis and management may decrease the ocular morbidity.ope
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