1,662 research outputs found

    Conceptual design of a sorption-based cryochain for the ETpathfinder

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    Next-generation gravitational wave detectors, including the Einstein Telescope [1] [2], aim to achieve amplitude-spectral-density strain sensitivities on the order 10−24m/Hz [3]. In the low-frequency band such sensitivities can only be obtained when thermal noise, mainly stemming from the mirror coating, is reduced by employing cryogenic cooling techniques for the mirrors. The optical surface of the mirror should not vibrate with strain noise amplitude spectral densities above 10−20m/Hz for the cryogenic mirrors in the Einstein Telescope [3]. The ETpathfinder research facility [4] [5], aims to facilitate the development and testing of critical new technologies required for the design and operation of future gravitational wave detectors. A key enabling technology for the design and operation of such advanced interferometers is the cryogenic system that cools the main optics to a temperature of approximately 10 K. Given the stringent requirements on vibrational noise for these optics, the cryogenic cooling under continuous operation should be essentially vibration free. Joule-Thomson cryocoolers using sorption compressors are known to generate an absolute minimum of vibrational noise during operation. We propose a modular cryochain design comprised of a system of sorption compressors and Joule-Thomson cold stages fitting the ETpathfinder project requirements. In this paper, we present the conceptual design of the cooler chain that is based on a parallel cascade arrangement of a 40 K neon stage, a 15 K hydrogen stage and a 8 K helium stage. The operating parameters of the sorption-based cooler chain are selected via a hybrid modeling workflow, aiming to optimize performance and other design considerations within an envelope of acceptable design parameters.</p

    Gravitational waves from Sco X-1: A comparison of search methods and prospects for detection with advanced detectors

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    The low-mass X-ray binary Scorpius X-1 (Sco X-1) is potentially the most luminous source of continuous gravitational-wave radiation for interferometers such as LIGO and Virgo. For low-mass X-ray binaries this radiation would be sustained by active accretion of matter from its binary companion. With the Advanced Detector Era fast approaching, work is underway to develop an array of robust tools for maximizing the science and detection potential of Sco X-1. We describe the plans and progress of a project designed to compare the numerous independent search algorithms currently available. We employ a mock-data challenge in which the search pipelines are tested for their relative proficiencies in parameter estimation, computational efficiency, robust- ness, and most importantly, search sensitivity. The mock-data challenge data contains an ensemble of 50 Scorpius X-1 (Sco X-1) type signals, simulated within a frequency band of 50-1500 Hz. Simulated detector noise was generated assuming the expected best strain sensitivity of Advanced LIGO and Advanced VIRGO (4×10−244 \times 10^{-24} Hz−1/2^{-1/2}). A distribution of signal amplitudes was then chosen so as to allow a useful comparison of search methodologies. A factor of 2 in strain separates the quietest detected signal, at 6.8×10−266.8 \times 10^{-26} strain, from the torque-balance limit at a spin frequency of 300 Hz, although this limit could range from 1.2×10−251.2 \times 10^{-25} (25 Hz) to 2.2×10−262.2 \times 10^{-26} (750 Hz) depending on the unknown frequency of Sco X-1. With future improvements to the search algorithms and using advanced detector data, our expectations for probing below the theoretical torque-balance strain limit are optimistic.Comment: 33 pages, 11 figure

    Tensor Analyzing Powers for Quasi-Elastic Electron Scattering from Deuterium

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    We report on a first measurement of tensor analyzing powers in quasi-elastic electron-deuteron scattering at an average three-momentum transfer of 1.7 fm−1^{-1}. Data sensitive to the spin-dependent nucleon density in the deuteron were obtained for missing momenta up to 150 MeV/cc with a tensor polarized 2^2H target internal to an electron storage ring. The data are well described by a calculation that includes the effects of final-state interaction, meson-exchange and isobar currents, and leading-order relativistic contributions.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

    Inclusive Electron Scattering from Nuclei at x≃1x \simeq 1

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    The inclusive A(e,e') cross section for x≃1x \simeq 1 was measured on 2^2H, C, Fe, and Au for momentum transfers Q2Q^2 from 1-7 (GeV/c)2^2. The scaling behavior of the data was examined in the region of transition from y-scaling to x-scaling. Throughout this transitional region, the data exhibit ξ\xi-scaling, reminiscent of the Bloom-Gilman duality seen in free nucleon scattering.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX; 4 figures (postscript in .tar.Z file

    Relativistic effects and two-body currents in 2H(e⃗,e′p)n^{2}H(\vec{e},e^{\prime}p)n using out-of-plane detection

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    Measurements of the 2H(e⃗,e′p)n{^2}H(\vec{e},e^{\prime}p)n reaction were performed using an 800-MeV polarized electron beam at the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator and with the out-of-plane magnetic spectrometers (OOPS). The longitudinal-transverse, fLTf_{LT} and fLT′f_{LT}^{\prime}, and the transverse-transverse, fTTf_{TT}, interference responses at a missing momentum of 210 MeV/c were simultaneously extracted in the dip region at Q2^2=0.15 (GeV/c)2^2. On comparison to models of deuteron electrodisintegration, the data clearly reveal strong effects of relativity and final-state interactions, and the importance of the two-body meson-exchange currents and isobar configurations. We demonstrate that these effects can be disentangled and studied by extracting the interference response functions using the novel out-of-plane technique.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, and submitted to PRL for publicatio

    Spin-Momentum Correlations in Quasi-Elastic Electron Scattering from Deuterium

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    We report on a measurement of spin-momentum correlations in quasi-elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons with an energy of 720 MeV from vector-polarized deuterium. The spin correlation parameter AedVA^V_{ed} was measured for the 2H⃗(e⃗,e′p)n^2 \vec{\rm H}(\vec e,e^\prime p)n reaction for missing momenta up to 350 MeV/cc at a four-momentum transfer squared of 0.21 (GeV/c)2^2. The data give detailed information about the spin structure of the deuteron, and are in good agreement with the predictions of microscopic calculations based on realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials and including various spin-dependent reaction mechanism effects. The experiment demonstrates in a most direct manner the effects of the D-state in the deuteron ground-state wave function and shows the importance of isobar configurations for this reaction.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. for publicatio
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