24 research outputs found
Design methodology for graphene tunable filters at the subāmillimeterāwave frequencies
Tunable components and circuits, allowing for the fast switching between the states of operation, are among the basic building blocks for future communications and other emerging applications. Based on the previous thorough study of graphene based resonators, the design methodology for graphene tunable filters has been devised, outlined, as well as explained through an example of the fifth order filter. The desired filtering responses can be achieved with the material loss not higher than the loss corresponding to the previously studied single resonators, depending mostly on the quantity of graphene per resonator. The proposed design method relies on the detailed design space mapping; obtained data gives an immediate assessment of the feasibility of specifications with a particular filter order, maximal passband ripple level, desired bandwidth, and acceptable losses. The design process could be further automated by the knowledge based approach using the collected design space data
GERMINATION OF SOYBEAN AND FORAGE PEA SEED UNDER DIFFERENT pH OF WATER SOLUTIONS
U laboratorijskim uvjetima ispitivan je utjecaj razliÄitih pH vrijednosti vodene otopine na energiju klijanja, klijavost, dužinu korjenova i izdanaka klijanaca dvije jednogodiÅ”nje krmne leguminoze s ciljem procjene tolerantnosti vrsta i kultivara na stresne uvjete nižeg ili viÅ”eg pH u najranijim fazama rasta. Po dva kultivara soje (Anica i Ika) i dva kultivara krmnog graÅ”ka (Zekon i Timo) razliÄite krupnoÄe sjemena testirana su na Äetiri razine pH vodene otopine (5, 6, 7 i 8). Sjeme svih ispitivanih kultivara proizvedeno je 2003. godine. Energija klijanja i klijavost nisu se znaÄajno mijenjali zavisno od pH vodene otopine. Dužina korjenova i izdanaka klijanaca obje vrste bila je pod znaÄajnim utjecajem pH vrijednosti vodene otopine (p=0,01). NajveÄe vrijednosti za dužinu korijena (8,01 cm) dobivene su pri pH=6. Izdanci su bili najduži pri pH=6 i 7 gdje je njihova dužina iznosila 7,53 cm, odnosno 7,07 cm. Najniža prosjeÄna vrijednost za korijen (5,72 cm) utvrÄena je pri pH=7, a za izdanak pri pH=5 i 8 (6,02 cm i 6,07 cm). U prosjeku za pH vrijednosti razlike izmeÄu kultivara su bile znaÄajne (p=0,01) za sva ispitivana svojstva. Kultivar soje Ika imao je najveÄu energiju klijanja (70,1%), a Anica najveÄu klijavost (80,8%). NajveÄe prosjeÄne vrijednosti za dužinu korijena (8,17 cm) i izdanka (10,18 cm) imao je kultivar krmnog graÅ”ka Timo.Influence of different pH values of water solution on germination energy, germination, seedlings root length and stem height of two annual forage legumes was tested in laboratory conditions in order to evaluate tolerance of species and cultivars to stress conditions caused by lower or higher pH in the earliest phases of growth. Two soybean cultivars (Anica and Ika) and two forage pea cultivars (Zekon and Timo), which differentiated in seed size were tested at four pH levels of water solution (5, 6, 7and 8). Seed of all investigated cultivars was produced in 2003. Germination energy and germination were not significantly affected by the pH of water solution. Root length and stem height of seedlings of both species were significantly affected (p=0.01) by the pH of water solution. The highest values for root length were found at pH=6 (8.01 cm). Stem was highest in both species at pH=6 and 7 (7.53 and 7.07 cm).The lowest average root length value (5.72) was found at pH=7. The lowest average stem height (6.02 and 6.07 cm) was at pH=5 and 8. Differences among all investigated traits of cultivars for pH values in average were significant (p=0.01). Soybean cultivar Ika had the highest germination energy (70.1%), and soybean cultivar Anica had the highest germination (80.8%). Forage pea cultivar Timo had the highest average value of root length and stem height (8.17 and 10.18 cm, respectively)
Treatment of Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in Children: Minimal Possible Duration of Immobilization
In the period from January 1980 until December 1990 we treated 147 children and
adolescents with supracondylar humerus fracture, and followed the outcome in 127 of
them. Three (2.4%) patients had no displacement of fractured bones and were treated
only with plaster cast immobilization. Twenty three (18.1%) underwent closed reduction
of fragments and application of a plaster cast. The majority (97; 76.4%) required manual
reduction and the fixation of segments with Kirschner\u27s wires laterally and medially.
Four (3.1%) patients were treated with open reduction and fixation with
Kirschner\u27s wires. Both plaster cast immobilization and fragment fixation with
Kirschner\u27s wires lasted only 14 days and were immediately followed by rehabilitation.
Such a short immobilization of extremities or fixation of fragments did not result in any
complication. Of 56 children available for long-term follow-up, we achieved excellent
treatment results in 43 (76.6%) of the patients, good and fair in 12 (21.5%), and a poor
result in only 1 patient (1.8%). There were no permanent vascular or neurological complications
apart from slight weakness of the ulnar nerve in 3 patients. In conclusion 14
days seemed to be the biological minimum of time needed for this type of fracture to heal
in children and adolescents. Fixation of the fragments with Kirschner\u27s wires and immobilization
of the extremity for only 14 days brings a significant reduction of total
treatment expenses, avoids repeated x-ray examination, facilitates early physical therapy
and returns the child to its family
Graphene-based waveguide resonators for submillimeter-wave applications
Utilization of graphene covered waveguide inserts to form tunable waveguide resonators is theoretically explained and rigorously investigated by means of full-wave numerical electromagnetic simulations. Instead of using graphene-based switching elements, the concept we propose incorporates graphene sheets as parts of a resonator. Electrostatic tuning of the graphene surface conductivity leads to changes in the electromagnetic field boundary conditions at the resonator edges and surfaces, thus producing an effect similar to varying the electrical length of a resonator. The presented outline of the theoretical background serves to give phenomenological insight into the resonator behavior, but it can also be used to develop customized software tools for design and optimization of graphene-based resonators and filters. Due to the linear dependence of the imaginary part of the graphene surface impedance on frequency, the proposed concept was expected to become effective for frequencies above 100 GHz, which is confirmed by the numerical simulations. A frequency range from 100 GHz up to 1100 GHz, where the rectangular waveguides are used, is considered. Simple, all-graphene-based resonators are analyzed first, to assess the achievable tunability and to check the performance throughout the considered frequency range. Grapheneāmetal combined waveguide resonators are proposed in order to preserve the excellent quality factors typical for the type of waveguide discontinuities used. Dependence of resonator properties on key design parameters is studied in detail. Dependence of resonator properties throughout the frequency range of interest is studied using eight different waveguide sections appropriate for different frequency intervals. Proposed resonators are aimed at applications in the submillimeter-wave spectral region, serving as the compact tunable components for the design of bandpass filters and other devices
Normal and Cut-Off Values of the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in the Croatian General Population
Mikronukleus (MN) test na limfocitima periferne krvi jedna je od najvažnijih metoda koje se primjenjuju u citogenetiÄkom nadzoru. Osnovni preduvjet za primjenu nekog testa u svrhu nadzora profesionalno izloženih populacija jest poznavanje normalnih vrijednosti promatranoga bioloÅ”kog pokazatelja (biomarkera) u
kontrolnoj populaciji. Baze podataka na razini opÄe populacije moraju se redovito obnavljati novim podacima. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi normalne i graniÄne vrijednosti MN-testa na limfocitima
periferne krvi 200 zdravih ispitanika obaju spolova iz opÄe populacije Republike Hrvatske te ispitati koji Äimbenici pridonose spontanom nastanku MN. Na razini istražene populacije utvrÄeno je prosjeÄno
(6,90Ā±3,32) MN (medijan 7 MN), dok je raspon pojedinaÄnih vrijednosti iznosio 0 do 18 MN u 1000 binuklearnih stanica. Gornja graniÄna vrijednost dobivena izraÄunavanjem 95. percentila za cjelokupnu promatranu populaciju iznosi 12,5 MN na 1000 limfocita. UtvrÄeno je da na spontani nastanak MN utjeÄu spol, dob i navika puÅ”enja. Žene u prosjeku imaju viÅ”e vrijednosti svih parametara MN-testa od muÅ”karaca, a u njih je bio i naglaÅ”eniji porast vrijednosti citogenetiÄkog nalaza zbog navike puÅ”enja.
Kako su literaturni podaci o utjecaju puÅ”enja cigareta na nastanak MN kontradiktorni, planiran je nastavak istraživanja radi razjaÅ”njavanja utjecaja dnevno utroÅ”enog broja cigareta i ukupnog trajanja puÅ”aÄkog staža na vrijednosti parametara MN-testa. Usporedba rezultata s literaturnim podacima potvrdila je da su
dobivene vrijednosti u skladu s vrijednostima MN-testa zabilježenim na opÄoj populaciji u drugim svjetskim laboratorijima. Normalne i graniÄne vrijednosti MN-testa utvrÄene u ovome istraživanju poslužit Äe kao osnova za usporedbu i tumaÄenje nalaza MN-testa u ispitanika izloženih populacija te daljnju nadogradnju laboratorijske baze podataka.The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay on peripheral blood lymphocytes is one of the most important methods employed in cytogenetic biomonitoring. For the purposes of biological dosimetry, it is important to kno the spontaneous frequency of a biomarker and its normal values in general population.
These values are used for population databases, which should be updated regularly. In this study, MN levels were investigated in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes of 200 healthy male and female blood donors selected at random from the general population of Croatia. The aim was to assess the variability and determine possible infl uences of external and/or internal factors on the background levels of MN and to establish the cut-off value for the CBMN assay. The background frequency of MN was (6.90Ā±3.32) MN (median 7 MN) and the range was 0 to 18 MN per 1000 binuclear lymphocytes. The cut-off value, which corresponds to 95th percentile of the distribution of 200 individual values, was 12.5 MN. Spontaneous formation of MN was infl uenced by sex, age, and smoking. Women had higher MN levels than men.
However, only age and smoking signifi cantly increased the values of all parameters evaluated by the CBMN assay. Since the existing literature data on smoking-related formation of MN are contradictory,
we will continue these investigations to resolve how the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the duration of smoking in years infl uence the results of the CBMN assay. Our results are consistent with the background MN frequencies reported by other cytogenetic laboratories worldwide. Normal and cut-off values estimated in this study will be used to update the current general population data and as reference for occupationally or accidental exposure
Stark widths and shifts of triply ionized argon spectral lines
The Stark widths and shifts of 18 triply ionized argon
(Ar IV) spectral lines have been measured at an electron density
of 1.9 1023 m-3 and electron temperature of 22 500 K
in a linear pulsed-arc discharge-containing argon-helium mixture.
The measured values were compared to the existing calculated and
experimental data
P.718 Procognitive effect of a single dose of magnesium in novel object recognition test, in healthy and corticosterone treated rats
Chromosomal Aberrations in Subjects Exposed to Ionizing Radiation
Occupational exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation is a particularly delicate subject for investigation, due to the cumulative effects of chronic exposure. It is extremely important to consider and to measure the biological response to given conditions of exposure. The aim of this study was to establish possible recovery from DNA damage in subjects professionally exposed to radiation in their working area by examinations for chromosomal aberrations (CA) at two different times. The first group (I) was composed of 30 professionally exposed subjects in whom unstable CA (dicentrics, ring, acentric fragments, chromatid, chromosomal breaks, and chromatid interchanges) were identified at time zero. After removal from the radiation area, they were re-examined 9 months later. The second group (H) contained 64 healthy individuals, not professionally exposed to ionizing radiation or other known mutagenic agents. In the group of exposed individuals, five (16.67%)) subjects exhibited permanent unstable CAs, even after 9 months absence from the radiation. When the nonexposed and exposed groups were compared, an increase of unstable aberrations (p < 0.05) was observed in the exposed group. Nevertheless, a statistically significant decrease of dicentrics, acentric fragments, and ring frequencies was observed in exposed individuals after 9 months away from the radiation area. However, chromatid and isochromatid break frequencies increased slightly but not significantly after 9 months. The detected CAs corresponded to the total effective doses of radiation measured in our subjects. The existence of CAs in some individuals even after absence from the radiation area suggests that the time necessary for the damaged DNA to recover is extremely variable and indicates interindividual differences in radiosensitivity as well as differences in the cellular-reparation response.nul
Chromosomal Aberrations in Subjects Exposed to Ionizing Radiation
Occupational exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation is a particularly delicate subject for investigation, due to the cumulative effects of chronic exposure. It is extremely important to consider and to measure the biological response to given conditions of exposure. The aim of this study was to establish possible recovery from DNA damage in subjects professionally exposed to radiation in their working area by examinations for chromosomal aberrations (CA) at two different times. The first group (I) was composed of 30 professionally exposed subjects in whom unstable CA (dicentrics, ring, acentric fragments, chromatid, chromosomal breaks, and chromatid interchanges) were identified at time zero. After removal from the radiation area, they were re-examined 9 months later. The second group (H) contained 64 healthy individuals, not professionally exposed to ionizing radiation or other known mutagenic agents. In the group of exposed individuals, five (16.67%)) subjects exhibited permanent unstable CAs, even after 9 months absence from the radiation. When the nonexposed and exposed groups were compared, an increase of unstable aberrations (p < 0.05) was observed in the exposed group. Nevertheless, a statistically significant decrease of dicentrics, acentric fragments, and ring frequencies was observed in exposed individuals after 9 months away from the radiation area. However, chromatid and isochromatid break frequencies increased slightly but not significantly after 9 months. The detected CAs corresponded to the total effective doses of radiation measured in our subjects. The existence of CAs in some individuals even after absence from the radiation area suggests that the time necessary for the damaged DNA to recover is extremely variable and indicates interindividual differences in radiosensitivity as well as differences in the cellular-reparation response.nul