334 research outputs found

    LC-MS and UV study of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl acetate transformations in alkaline meidum

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    Transformations of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl acetate in alkaline medium include not only dimerization of unstable intermediate 4-methylene-2,5-cyclohexadienone but also dehydrogenation of phenolic compounds by the action of 3,3β€²,5,5β€²-tetra-tert-butylstilbenequinone to give mesomeric anions. This process is responsible for coloration of polymeric materials

    Global and Regional Aspects for Genesis of Catastrophic Floods: The Problems of Forecasting and Estimation for Mass and Water Balance (Surface Water and Groundwater Contribution)

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    Traditionally torrential rains are considered to be the main factor of flood emergence. But with some examples of disastrous floods in absolutely different parts of the world, the rough estimation of the water balance results in the necessity to suggest a correct alternative hypothesis. Our simplest model (taking into account precipitation, evaporation, and soil permeability) clearly points out the significant discrepancy in several events between potentially accumulated and observed water masses. This observation puts forward the idea that precipitation is necessary, but it is not often a sufficient factor for disastrous flood emergence and for the water flow budget. Thus, another available water source, i.e., groundwater, should not be ignored. We consider the reasons and conditions for such phenomena. In this chapter, we will focus only on the causes and forecast of dangerous dynamic phenomena in rock masses. Of particular interest here are water flows through various granite massifs and geological rocks of magmatic origin using nonlinear dynamics approaches

    Π Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ сСмян: тСория ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° (ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€)

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    The practice of application of terms characterizing the phenomenon of variability andΒ heterogeneity of seeds, fruits and diasporas is given. The ambiguity and inconsistency of some of them is shown. The methods of systematization and typification of seedsΒ of different quality, based on the features and nature of the manifestation of variability of seed characteristics and causes of their causes, are considered. The mainΒ directions of practical use of knowledge about seed polymorphism, including toΒ increase seed productivity and optimize the variability of seed parameters in theΒ growing process, are shown. The principles of evaluation and selection of alignedΒ fractions by morphological features correlated with high sowing and productive qualities in the process of seed refinement in the post-harvest period are presented. TheΒ morphological and anatomical causes of defects and injuries in the process of dryingΒ and processing of seeds as specific indicators of different quality are considered. TheΒ use of dispersion analysis to identify the contribution of hereditary, environmental andΒ matrix factors in the variability of morphological characteristics of seeds, includingΒ the length of the embryo, is discussed. The features of the signs ofΒ  abnormal variability of seeds, which have an obvious and hidden nature of manifestation, are shown.Β Methods of selection improvement of morfometric parameters, physiological, biochemical and productive properties of seeds as methods of cardinal improvement ofΒ quality of seeds are discussed.ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° примСнСния Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… явлСниС измСнчивости ΠΈ нСоднородности сСмян, ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ диаспор. Показана Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ…. РассмотрСны ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ систСматизации ΠΈΒ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ разнокачСствСнности сСмян, основанныС Π½Π° особСнностях ΠΈ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π΅ проявлСния измСнчивости ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² сСмян ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ…, ΠΈΡ… Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ….Β ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ‹ основныС направлСния практичСского использования Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ сСмян, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС, для ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ сСмСнной продуктивности ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ измСнчивости сСмСноводчСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π² процСссС выращивания.Β Π˜Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ морфологичСским ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, коррСляционно связанным с высокими посСвными ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ качСствами Π² процСссС Π΄ΠΎΡ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ сСмян Π² послСуборочный ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄. РассмотрСны морфологичСскиС ΠΈ анатомичСскиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ возникновСния дСфСктов ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΌ Π² процСссС ΡΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ сСмян, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ спСцифичСских ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ разнокачСствСнности. ΠžΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ диспСрсионного Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° для выявлСния Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° наслСдствСнного, экологичСского ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ морфологичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² сСмян, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹Β Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°. ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ‹ особСнности ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² аномальной измСнчивости сСмян,Β ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… явный ΠΈ скрытый Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ проявлСния. ΠžΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ сСлСкционного  ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ морфомСтричСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ², физиологичСских, биохимичСских ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… свойств сСмян, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ качСства сСмян

    Acoustic Structure and Phonological Status ofΒ Vowel Phonemes ofΒ German Island Dialects ofΒ Villages ofΒ Sozimsky and Chernigovsky, Kirov Region

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    TheΒ article deals with theΒ study ofΒ theΒ phonological system ofΒ vowels in theΒ German island dialects ofΒ theΒ Kirov region, as well as theΒ identification ofΒ common constitutive elements (phonemes) and theΒ peculiarities ofΒ their functioning. TheΒ belonging ofΒ variants ofΒ one phoneme was determined by theΒ authors not only with theΒ help ofΒ distributive analysis, but also with their general acoustic properties. TheΒ results ofΒ theΒ analysis ofΒ theΒ phonological vowel system and its implementation in theΒ German island dialects are presented. TheΒ general constitutive acoustic parameters ofΒ sound types and theΒ peculiarities ofΒ their functioning have been revealed. TheΒ relevance ofΒ theΒ presented study is due to theΒ fact that theΒ problem ofΒ establishing theΒ phonological status ofΒ vocal segments is solved, in contrast to traditional approaches, based not on articulatory, but on acoustic characteristics in combination with perceptual analysis, which makes it possible to determine theΒ phonological status ofΒ variants ofΒ speech sounds, including in weak positions. TheΒ author's technique ofΒ computer analysis ofΒ speech flow, its perceptual assessment and solution based on theΒ acoustic structure ofΒ theΒ functional significance ofΒ variants ofΒ phonemic implementations is presented

    Π—Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Ρˆ ΠΈ морфомСтричСскиС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ сСмян ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‰Π½Ρ‹Ρ… растСний сСмСйства Π—ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ сСлСкции

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    The work is devoted to the study of statistical parameters of the linear dimensions of the seed, endosperm and embryo, variability, correlations, and the manifestation of these traits in hybrid combinations. Morphometric parameters largely determine the quality of seeds. The presence of an underdeveloped embryo determines the duration of the period of heterotrophic development of the seedling, affects germination, energy, longevity, seed response to changes in germination conditions, and, ultimately, increases the interphase period from sowing to germination. The article shows the high variability of these parameters in numerous representatives of vegetable crops - representatives of the Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) family, analyzes the causes that cause them, and predicts the potential use of this variability in breeding programs. The object of research was the seeds of various varieties of carrots, parsley, parsnips, celery, dill. Measurement of the length of the seed and endosperm was carried out using a caliper. The length of the embryo was determined using a microscope and a video eyepiece at Γ—40 magnification using the Scope Photo program. The experiment was repeated four times, in each repetition at least 20 seeds. The values of the coefficient of variation in the length of the endosperm and seed varied from 9 to 19%, depending on the species and cultivar characteristics. The variability of the embryo reached 18-28%. between the size of the embryo on the one hand and the length of the endosperm (0.208-0.369) and seed (0.213-0.376) on the other, weak correlations were noted, indicating the independent inheritance of these parameters. The hereditary conditionality of the variability of the embryo, endosperm and seed of carrots (50.8-86.5%) and parsnips (49.6-58.9%) is shown, which characterizes the real possibility of their breeding improvement. In the process of studying distant hybrids of carrots (the parental forms of which differed sharply in morphometric parameters of seeds), it was found that F1 hybrids for these traits predominantly showed positive overdominance (38.1%) and dominance (16.7%). According to the complex of relative parameters (indices), negative overdominance (23.8%) and dominance (4.8%) were more often noted. The results of many years of research indicate that the morphometric parameters (length of the seed, endosperm, embryo) and their ratios (indices) of seeds, like any other biological traits, are genetically determined and depend on species and cultivar characteristics. A comparison of wild-growing and varietal samples of carrots indicates that in the process of cultivation, the size of the embryo underwent significant upward changes, even in the absence of targeted selection. Therefore, when applying artificial selection in this direction, one can expect more significant results.Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° посвящСна ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ статистичСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² сСмСни, эндоспСрма ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°, измСнчивости, коррСляционным связям, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ этих ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… комбинациях. ΠœΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹, Π² Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ стСпСни ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ качСство сСмян. НаличиС Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ° обуславливаСт ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° Π³Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ„Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ развития проростка, влияСт Π½Π° Π²ΡΡ…ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΈΡŽ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ сСмян Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ условий прорастания ΠΈ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ счСтС, ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡ„Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡ‚ посСва Π΄ΠΎ появлСния всходов. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° высокая Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ этих ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Ρƒ многочислСнных прСдставитСлСй ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‰Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ – прСдставитСлСй сСмСйства Π—ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, ΠΈΡ… Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ прогнозируСтся ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ использования этой измСнчивости Π² сСлСкционных ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Ρ…. ΠžΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ исслСдований слуТили сСмСна Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сортов ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈ, пастСрнака, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡŒΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ, ΡƒΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°. Π˜Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ сСмСни ΠΈ эндоспСрма ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ с использованиСм ΡˆΡ‚Π°Π½Π³Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρ. Π”Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ° опрСдСляли с использованиСм микроскопа ΠΈ видСоокуляра ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Γ—40, с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ Scope Photo. ΠŸΠΎΠ²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π° чСтырСхкратная, Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ повторности Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 20 сСмян. ЗначСния коэффициСнта Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ эндоспСрма ΠΈ сСмСни измСнялся Π² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚ 9 Π΄ΠΎ 19%, Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ сортовых особСнностСй. Π’Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ° достигала 18-28%. ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ° с ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ стороны ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ эндоспСрма (0,208-0,369) ΠΈ сСмСни (0,213-0,376) с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ слабыС коррСляционныС связи, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ нСзависимом наслСдовании этих ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ². Показана наслСдствСнная ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ измСнчивости Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°, эндоспСрма ΠΈ сСмСни ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈ (50,8-86,5%) ΠΈ пастСрнака (49,6-58,9%), Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… сСлСкционного ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’ процСссС изучСния ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈ (Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΏΠΎ морфомСтричСским ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌ сСмян) выявлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ F1 Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎ этим ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ прСимущСствСнно проявляли ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ свСрхдоминированиС (38,1%) ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (16,7%). По комплСксу ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² (индСксов) Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ свСрхдоминированиС (23,8%) ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (4,8%). Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… исслСдований ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ морфомСтричСскиС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ (Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° сСмСни, эндоспСрма, Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°) ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (индСксы) сСмян, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π»ΡŽΠ±Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ биологичСскиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ, гСнСтичСски обусловлСны ΠΈ зависят ΠΎΡ‚ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ сортовых особСнностСй. Π‘Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ дикорастущих ΠΈ сортовых ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² процСссС ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π°Π» сущСствСнныС измСнСния Π² сторону увСличСния, Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ отсутствии Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ искусствСнного ΠΎΡ‚Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° Π² этом Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²

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    Architectonics of dill seed-plant and ripeness level of seeds determine the linear sizes of embryo, exerting an influence on dormant stage, speed of embryo development, and main quality characteristics of seeds, which are responsible for their germination ability.АрхитСктоника сСмСнного растСния ΡƒΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°, ΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡŒ зрСлости сСмян ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°, оказывая сущСствСнноС влияниС Π½Π° явлСниС покоя, ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ доразвития Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ° ΠΈ основныС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ качСства сСмян, ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΈΡ… прорастаниС

    New type of metal targets

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    Now the technologies based on interaction of high-intensity beams with substance of a target are being intensively developed. As a target it is possible to use the new type of monodisperse metal targets. The principal advantages of new targets type are: target cooling isn't required; there is no induced activity: the target can be used many times; small dispersion on the speed, the size and interaction points with a beam. The basis of a target is the jet of molten metal, following in the vacuum chamber .Under the influence of the special disturbance superimposed on the liquid jet, the jet disintegrated into identical drops. In the vacuum chamber the drops freeze and form into the solid granules. It is possible to receive monodisperse targets from different metals, alloys and salts (diameter of targets is from 30 Β΅m to 1.5 mm). Dispersion by the sizes and speed is less than 1%. The technique allows to receive not only continuous targets, but also hollow targets with dispersion on thickness of wall within 1…2%.Π’ настоящСС врСмя Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π±ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, Π² основС ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ взаимодСйствиС высокоинтСнсивных ΠΏΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ² с вСщСством мишСни. Π’ качСствС мишСни ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏ мСталличСских мишСнСй βˆ’ монодиспСрсныС мСталличСскиС мишСни. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ прСимущСства Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ° мишСнСй: Π½Π΅ трСбуСтся охлаТдСния мишСни; Π½Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Ρ‘Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ активности: мишСнь ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·; ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ‹ΠΉ разброс ΠΏΠΎ скорости, Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρƒ ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠ΅ взаимодСйствия с ΠΏΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρƒ мишСни составляСт струя расплавлСнного ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»Π°, Π²Ρ‹Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ Π² Π²Π°ΠΊΡƒΡƒΠΌΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρƒ. Под дСйствиСм ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ возмущСния, Π½Π°ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΡŽ, струя распадаСтся Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈ. Π’ Π²Π°ΠΊΡƒΡƒΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π·Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΈ становятся Ρ‚Π²Ρ‘Ρ€Π΄Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΡƒΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠœΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ мСталличСскиС мишСни ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ· Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ², сплавов ΠΈ солСй (Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ мишСнСй ΠΎΡ‚ 30 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ 1,5 ΠΌΠΌ). ДиспСрсия ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ скорости мСньшС 1%. МоТно ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡˆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ мишСни, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ‹Π΅ мишСни с диспСрсиСй ΠΏΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Π΅ стСнки Π² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ… 1…2%.Π’ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ час Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±ΡƒΡ€Ρ…Π»ΠΈΠ²Ρ–ΡˆΠ΅ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ—, Π² основі яких Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ взаємодія високоінтСнсивних ΠΏΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΡ–Π² Π· Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡŽ ΠΌΡ–ΡˆΠ΅Π½Ρ–. Π―ΠΊ ΠΌΡ–ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡŒ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° використовувати Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΡ–ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΉ βˆ’ монодиспСрсні ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π΅Π²Ρ– ΠΌΡ–ΡˆΠ΅Π½Ρ–. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ– ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²Π°Π³ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΡƒ ΠΌΡ–ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΉ: Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Ρ–Π±Π½Π΅ охолодТування ΠΌΡ–ΡˆΠ΅Π½Ρ–; Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ” Π½Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ— активності: ΠΌΡ–ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡŒ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° використовувати Π±Π°Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ–Π²; ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΄ Π·Π° ΡˆΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ, Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡ–Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ Ρ– Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΡŽ Π²Π·Π°Ρ”ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Ρ— Π· ΠΏΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρƒ ΠΌΡ–ΡˆΠ΅Π½Ρ– складає ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΌΡ–Π½ΡŒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Ρƒ, Π²ΠΈΡ‚Ρ–ΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ Ρƒ Π²Π°ΠΊΡƒΡƒΠΌΠ½Ρƒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρƒ. ΠŸΡ–Π΄ Π΄Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†Ρ–Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ обурСння, Ρ‰ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π° Ρ€Ρ–Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΌΡ–Π½ΡŒ, ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΌΡ–Π½ΡŒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ– ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΏΠ»Ρ–. Π£ Π²Π°ΠΊΡƒΡƒΠΌΠ½Ρ–ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ– ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΏΠ»Ρ– Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π·Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ– ΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΡƒΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠœΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠ½Ρ– ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π΅Π²Ρ– ΠΌΡ–ΡˆΠ΅Π½Ρ– ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Π· Ρ€Ρ–Π·Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Ρ–Π², сплавів Ρ– солСй (Π΄Ρ–Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ ΠΌΡ–ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π²Ρ–Π΄ 193 30 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ 1,5 ΠΌΠΌ). ДиспСрсія Π·Π° Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡ–Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ– ΡˆΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ мСншС 1%. МоТна ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Π½Π΅ лишС ΡΡƒΡ†Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ– ΠΌΡ–ΡˆΠ΅Π½Ρ–, Π°Π»Π΅ Ρ– пороТнисті ΠΌΡ–ΡˆΠ΅Π½Ρ– Π· Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡΡ–Ρ”ΡŽ Π·Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡŽ стінки Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ… 1…2%

    Π’ΠžΠ—ΠΠ˜ΠšΠΠžΠ’Π•ΠΠ˜Π• Π˜ΠΠ”Π£Π¦Π˜Π ΠžΠ’ΠΠΠΠžΠ“Πž ПОКОЯ Π£ Π‘Π•ΠœΠ―Π BRASSICA CHINESIS VAR. JAPONICA ΠŸΠžΠ” Π’ΠžΠ—Π”Π•Π™Π‘Π’Π’Π˜Π•Πœ ΠšΠžΠœΠŸΠ›Π•ΠšΠ‘Π ΠΠ›Π›Π•Π›ΠžΠŸΠΠ’Π˜Π§Π•Π‘ΠšΠ˜ ΠΠšΠ’Π˜Π’ΠΠ«Π₯ Π’Π•Π©Π•Π‘Π’Π’

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    The factor that caused the inhibition of seed germination under the influence of 15 % extract from fruits Anethum graveolens was revealed. When transferring the test-object in favorable condition, this effect still remained imitating the seed dormancy. It was shown that under influence of temperature factor the time required to escape this state was considerably reduced.ВыявлСн Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ тормоТСния прорастания сСмян Brassica chinesis var. Japonica ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ влияниСм 15,0% экстракта ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Anethum graveolens. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ пСрСнСсСнии тСст-ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° Π² благоприятныС условия аллСлопатичСский эффСкт сохраняСтся, имитируя состояниС покоя сСмян. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ влияниСм Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° врСмя Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ· этого состояния Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ сокращаСтся

    Synthesis and diverse biological activity profile of triethyl-ammonium isatin-3-hydrazones

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    A series of biorelevant triethylammonium isatin hydrazones containing various substituents in the aromatic fragment have been synthesized. Their structure and composition were confirmed by NMR- and IR-spectroscopies, mass-spectrometry and elemental analysis. It was found that some representatives show activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus higher or at the level of norfloxacin, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. The study also showed low hemo- and cytotoxicity (Chang Liver) and high antiaggregatory and anticoagulant activity of these compounds. The high potential of new ammonium isatin-3-acylhydrazones in the search for antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens of bacterial and fungal nature has been shown for the first time
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