Trichogramma chilonis, an effective egg parasitoid for control of white stem borer Scirpophaga innotata (Walker), (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in rice

Rice an important staple food crop of the world, which is attacked by the various insect pests, among them the stem borers are the most destructive pests, distributed in all rice growing areas of the world and cause the severe losses. This research investigated the efficacy of the parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) to control the white stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata) in rice. In this respect the field studies were conducted in lower Sindh, Pakistan for the year, Kharif - 2017 and 2018. Trichogramma egg parasitoid over 230 species are reported to have been remained in biological control of insect pests of over 200 insect species belonging to 70 different families, mainly the order Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Orthroptera and Thysnoptera, in order to manage the white stem borer of rice the Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) was used as a bio-control agent. The Studies revealed that T. chilonis proved an effective biocontrol strategy against white stem borer of rice. The result of this study could be useful in an integrated pest management program for the management of white stem borer of rice the Trichogramma chilonis.            

Insecticide Application Tactics to Suppress Population of Drosicha Mangiferae (Green)

Abstract: The experiment was conducted in mango orchard at Tando jam Pakistan during mango season [2011][2012

Impact of Different Oils as Biopesticide against Sucking Insect Pests in Cotton

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of various botanical products on population of sucking complex on cotton crop. The study was conducted at the experimental area of Entomology section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tando Jam during the Kharif Season-2004. Five bio-pesticides i.e. neem oil (500ml/acre), cooking oil (750 ml/acre), linseed oil (750ml/acre), hing (290gm/acre) and cotton oil (750ml/acre) were applied twice against sucking complex (jassid, thrip and whitefly) and compared with an untreated control. It was observed that the efficacy of different bio-pesticides against sucking complex (jassid, whitefly and thrips) varied significantly. All products reduced pest population during both sprays. On an average, neem oil (63.27%) and cotton oil (62.01%) were found to be superior in reducing sucking pest, followed by hing (58.25%), cooking oil (57.18%) and linseed oil (55.24%) respectively

Feeding Potential of Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) Against Sucking Insect Pests

This laboratory experiment was conducted to find out the feeding performance and larval development of Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricuis) on Aphis gossypii (Glov.), Bemisia tabaci (Ginn.) and Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Distant) at 26 ± 2ºC temperature and 65 ± 5% relative humidity. The result indicated that the 3rd and 4th instar larvae of the beetle consumed 76.20 ± 3.44 and 79.7 ± 0.77 nymphs of A. gossypii /day followed by (23.0 ± 0.77) and (23.4 ± 0.75) nymphs of B. tabaci and (19.73 ± 1.17) and (21.55 ± 0.77) nymphs of A. b. biguttula, respectively as compared to 1st and 2nd instar larvae. Adult female consumed maximum (101.0 ± 0.55) nymphs of A. gossypii /day followed by (26.90 ± 0.27) nymphs of B. tabaci and (22.16 ± 0.20) nymphsof A. b. biguttula as compared to male. The result further revealed that the 4th instar larva consumed highest number 159.4 ± 7.35 of A. gossypii nymphs during its life span followed by (93.8 ± 3.02) and (86.2 ± 3.09) nymphs of B. tabaci and A. b. biguttula, respectively. Similarly, the adult female devoured highest number of nymphs (3040.2 ± 26.4) of A. gossypii followed by B. tabaci (807.0±8.1) and A. b. biguttula (664.98±6.0) during its life span as compare to male. The shortest life span was recorded on A. gossypiias compared to A. b. biguttula and B. tabaci, There was highly significant difference in consumption rate and development period of larvae and adult beetles on different prey species (

Feeding Potential of Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) Against Sucking Insect Pests

This laboratory experiment was conducted to find out the feeding performance and larval development of Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricuis) on Aphis gossypii (Glov.), Bemisia tabaci (Ginn.) and Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Distant) at 26 ± 2ºC temperature and 65 ± 5% relative humidity. The result indicated that the 3rd and 4th instar larvae of the beetle consumed 76.20 ± 3.44 and 79.7 ± 0.77 nymphs of A. gossypii /day followed by (23.0 ± 0.77) and (23.4 ± 0.75) nymphs of B. tabaci and (19.73 ± 1.17) and (21.55 ± 0.77) nymphs of A. b. biguttula, respectively as compared to 1st and 2nd instar larvae. Adult female consumed maximum (101.0 ± 0.55) nymphs of A. gossypii /day followed by (26.90 ± 0.27) nymphs of B. tabaci and (22.16 ± 0.20) nymphsof A. b. biguttula as compared to male. The result further revealed that the 4th instar larva consumed highest number 159.4 ± 7.35 of A. gossypii nymphs during its life span followed by (93.8 ± 3.02) and (86.2 ± 3.09) nymphs of B. tabaci and A. b. biguttula, respectively. Similarly, the adult female devoured highest number of nymphs (3040.2 ± 26.4) of A. gossypii followed by B. tabaci (807.0±8.1) and A. b. biguttula (664.98±6.0) during its life span as compare to male. The shortest life span was recorded on A. gossypiias compared to A. b. biguttula and B. tabaci, There was highly significant difference in consumption rate and development period of larvae and adult beetles on different prey species (

Studies on the Biology of Leaf Roller, Ancylis sativa (Liu) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) a Major Pest of Jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana)

Jujube, Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.is one of the most important fruit crops of Sindh, Pakistan, and isconsumed due to good flavour and high nutritional value. However, the occurrence of Jujube leaf roller Ancylis sativa (Liu) is a major threat to reduce the production of fruits, ultimately causing tremendous economic loss to the growers. The present study is the first comprehensive attempt on biology of Jujube leaf roller. There were five larval stages between egg and pupa. Adults were usually tan or brown, have mottled areas or dark bands. Average size of adult measured 9.53 mm long and 2.85 mm wide, wing span ranging from 16 to19 mm

Population Fluctuation and Damage Potential of Red Flour Beetle on Different Dry Fruits under Laboratory Conditions

The study was conducted to determine the population fluctuation of red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum on different dry fruits under laboratory conditions from 6th March 2015 to 24th July 2015. Four different dry fruits viz; T1 (almonds), T2 (walnuts), T3 (peanuts), T4 (cashew nuts) and T5 (wheat as control) were used in the experiment. The standard weight of 50g of every dry fruit was kept in plastic jars and covered with muslin cloth. Ten pairs of beetles were released in each jar. Observations were recorded at fortnight interval and population of the live beetles was counted. Results of the study showed that the population of red flour beetles gradually increased in all the treatments control with respect to time. The highest overall mean population of T. castaneum was recorded in wheat (61.61±10.02) followed by cashew nuts (52.90±8.26), almonds (50.01±7.81) and walnuts (43.56±5.89). The lowest population of red flour beetles (27.41±8.26) was recorded in peanut. The highest weight loss was recorded in wheat (18.8 %), followed by cashew nuts (15.6%), almonds (14%), walnuts (11.2%) and peanuts (8%) respectively

Effects of Bio-Pesticides on Biology of Chrysoperla carnea F. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

The experiment was conducted on effects of bio-pesticides on biology of Chrysoperla carnea F. under laboratory conditions. The neem and datura leaf extracts were used as bio-pesticides and their effect was compared with confidor at 26±2°C, 65±5% R. H and photoperiod (16L: 8D) in the | department of Entomology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan during 2014. The results shows that the incubation periods of eggs of C. carnea feeding on Aphis gossypii treated with neem, datura and confidor was 2.2, 2.5 and 3.6 days respectively. The result indicated that the total larval developmental period was 17.03, 13.3 and 15.09, respectively. The pupal period of C. carnea was 8.82 on neem, 10.9 on datura and 12.33 days on confidor. The result further revealed that the pre oviposition period of C. carnea was 6.35 on neem, 5.5 on datura and 3.6 on confidor. The oviposition period was 34.42 on neem, 30.6 on datura and 26.4 on confidor. The post oviposition period was significantly different was 8.5 days on neem 6.9 on datura and 4.7 on confidor. The maximum fecundity per female of C. carnea was 448.38 days on neem, 435.67 on datura and 413.67 on confidor. Similarly, maximum egg hatching percentage of C.carnea was recorded on neem followed by datura and confidor. However, the maximum egg mortality (37.65%) was recorded on confidor. However, minimum mortality of 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar larvae was recorded due to neem leaf extracts followed by datura and confidor. The pupal mortality was seen more on neem followed by datura and confidor. The highest adult mortality was obtained on neem followed by datura and confidor insecticide

Effects of Bio-Pesticides on Biology of Chrysoperla carnea F. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

The experiment was conducted on effects of bio-pesticides on biology of Chrysoperla carnea F. under laboratory conditions. The neem and datura leaf extracts were used as bio-pesticides and their effect was compared with confidor at 26±2°C, 65±5% R. H and photoperiod (16L: 8D) in the | department of Entomology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan during 2014. The results shows that the incubation periods of eggs of C. carnea feeding on Aphis gossypii treated with neem, datura and confidor was 2.2, 2.5 and 3.6 days respectively. The result indicated that the total larval developmental period was 17.03, 13.3 and 15.09, respectively. The pupal period of C. carnea was 8.82 on neem, 10.9 on datura and 12.33 days on confidor. The result further revealed that the pre oviposition period of C. carnea was 6.35 on neem, 5.5 on datura and 3.6 on confidor. The oviposition period was 34.42 on neem, 30.6 on datura and 26.4 on confidor. The post oviposition period was significantly different was 8.5 days on neem 6.9 on datura and 4.7 on confidor. The maximum fecundity per female of C. carnea was 448.38 days on neem, 435.67 on datura and 413.67 on confidor. Similarly, maximum egg hatching percentage of C.carnea was recorded on neem followed by datura and confidor. However, the maximum egg mortality (37.65%) was recorded on confidor. However, minimum mortality of 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar larvae was recorded due to neem leaf extracts followed by datura and confidor. The pupal mortality was seen more on neem followed by datura and confidor. The highest adult mortality was obtained on neem followed by datura and confidor insecticide