Chapter 4 : Intentions of Vietnamese families for future: findings from a survey in the Southern key economic zones of Vietnam

2016年度調査研究報告

Assessment of Dynamic Effects of Wave Loads in Fatigue Analysis for Fixed Steel Offshore Structures

This paper presents an algorithm and develops a formula to evaluate the dynamic effect of wave loading on fixed steel offshore structures (jacket structures) through the fatigue damage ratio. Applying the algorithm and formula proposed in this paper to evaluate the dynamic effect of wave loads in fatigue analysis for 03 Jacket structures built at increasing water depth under one specific marine condition and provide specific recommendations on the limits of application of quasi-static and dynamic methods in the fatigue analysis of the jacket structures. This research is really necessary because currently, the current standards (API, DnV) only stop at evaluating the dynamic effects of wave loads acting on the Jacket structure in the strength analysis. These standards propose a limit for quasi-static or dynamic analysis based on the "3.0 s or 2.5 s rule" (use the quasi-static method when Tmax≤ 3.0 s or ≤ 2.5 s), and it is advised that they only apply to waters within the North Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. This paper has demonstrated that it is not appropriate to use the specified standards for the North Sea and the Gulf of Mexico to select the method of fatigue analysis of the jacket structure in marine conditions outside the study area of the standard. Hoped that this paper will be a reference for engineers when choosing a fatigue analysis method for jacket structures in specific marine conditions at the location where the jacket structure has been installed. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-016 Full Text: PD

The changes of consumer behaviour toward the well-known global brands under the rapid growth of E-commerce in Southeast Asia (SEA)

Southeast Asia market is a potential market for the development of ecommerce companies and well-known global brands. The ecommerce sites in SEA countries are very dynamic and enthusiastic with many well-known global brands. Besides that, the consumer behaviour in this market is also very unique, it is affected by many different factors directly and indirectly day by day as culture, religion, language, social media. Therefore, this research focuses on defining the key factors which affect the changes of consumer behaviour toward the well-known global brands under the rapid growth of ecommerce in SEA countries. To answer this question, the author built the survey for both online and offline with the same questionnaire and the depth questionnaire for experts in ecommerce industry as the focus group, in order to recognize answering satisfaction and struggling between the answers. Online shoppers are the target participants for the survey, the well-known global brands and ecommerce companies can be successful if they offer the products with good prices, conveniences, flexible payment methods, good UX/UI, especially the unique selling proposition to reach out the consumer interests compared to their competitors. To summarize, the consumers in SEA countries are the smart consumption who are able to use the advancement of information technology to search the global brand products from different website and compare prices, offers before purchasing. The consumer behaviour is changed frequent due to the development of social media and fintech companies. However, they do not trust in the advertisement as before. Therefore, building the trust is necessary for both ecommerce sites and global brands if they plan to expand into this market. Moreover, the rise of youth population and middle class in this region also contributed for the successful of many ecommerce sites and global brands, as they are the main target audiences of those businesses by their unique characteristics

Vietnamese civic organisations: supporters of or obstacles to further democratisation? Results from an empirical survey

In political science and in development cooperation, civic organisations (COs) under authoritarian rule are usually seen as supporters of processes that move towards democratisation. However, these organisations are sometimes criticised for their support of those in power. Within this context, critics refer to the fact that many COs have, for example, authoritarian intra-organisational structures. This characteristic clearly limits their potential to be supporters of democratisation processes. In this paper, we proceed from the assumption that Vietnamese COs can be both supporters of democracy and organisations that help to maintain authoritarian rule; they can sometimes even be both at the same time. COs are "polyvalent" (Kößler). More concretely, what COs are and which role(s) they play in the political system is mainly but not exclusively dependent on the impact the state has on them, and is at the same time dependent on the effects that those organisations have on the state.The results from an empirical survey, supported by the German Research Council (2013-2016) and carried out as a co-operation between the Institute of Asian Studies/GIGA Hamburg and the Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, suggest the following: - Most Vietnamese COs are hierarchically structured, if not organised in an authoritarian way. They are not "schools of democracy", in the sense of Tocqueville. - Most Vietnamese COs that have engaged in the welfare provision sector, either willingly or unwillingly, have helped to foster the foundations of authoritarianism. - In the field of economic policies, the COs invited by the state to participate in and contribute to the formulation of policies do help, overall, to secure existing power structures, even though these organisations also help change various economic policies and even though their activities produce some democracy-promoting effects. - In the policy field of gender equality, women's rights, and rights of sexual minorities, the mass organisation Vietnam Women's Union supports the state's respective discourse. Some NGOs active in this policy field are doing both: They support and criticise the state's discourse on gender norms and the rights of sexual minorities.In the conclusion, we answer the question of which Vietnamese COs can be seen as supporters of further democratisation and which can be classified as obstacles

Under the State's Thumb: Results from an Empirical Survey of Civic Organizations in Vietnam

Civic organizations (COs) are neither a good nor a bad thing. They are not inherently fighters for democracy or supporters of authoritarian rule. The way they develop depends on the impact that various forms of state power have on them and on their influence on the state. Vietnamese COs appear to be no exception. When we examine just one direction of these interdependent and reciprocal relations, it becomes clear that under the constraints of the Vietnamese state's infrastructural power many Vietnamese COs develop features of intra-organizational authoritarianism; that they help to embed the state and the Communist Party more deeply within Vietnamese society; and, finally, that they contribute to bringing the society further under the control of the state and the party. However, this occurs to a very different degree depending on the type of CO. NGOs and faith-based organizations in particular, at least in the field of gender norms and practices, seem to resist the state's discursive power. This could imply challenges to the state's and the party's control of politics and society and leads the authors to draw far-reaching conclusions as far as developmental cooperation with and potential support for various types of Vietnamese COs is concerned

Influence of damping coefficient into engine rubber mounting system on vehicle ride comfort

This study presents a method to improve vehicle ride comfort using additional damping coefficient values for an internal combustion engine (ICE) rubber mounting system. To analyze the effect of the adding damping coefficient values into the rubber mounting system on vehicle ride comfort, a full-vehicle vibration model with 10 degrees of freedom is established under the combination of road surface roughness and ICE excitations. The damping coefficient values are added into ICE rubber mounting system which are respectively analyzed and evaluated according to the international standard ISO 2631-1 (1997). The study results do not only evaluate the influence of the adding damping coefficients on vehicle ride comfort but also suggest the optimal design solution for ICE mounting system to improve vehicle ride comfort

Local Entrepreneurship in Vietnam’s Rural Transformation. A Case Study from the Mekong Delta

Empirical evidence from developing countries has illuminated the vital role private business development plays in rural transformation and the creation of off‐farm livelihoods. Since ‘renovation’ (Đổi mới) was promulgated by the Vietnamese Communist Party in 1986, Vietnam has experienced rapid growth and development through the transition from state to market. While de‐collectivization and the return to householdbased rural production reduced poverty and increased growth, entrepreneurship development in the form of Small and Medium Enterprises(SME) has emerged as a strong agent for socio‐economic diversification. The Mekong Delta, located in the Southwest of Vietnam, is a rural setting traditionally reliant on agriculture but has been facing rapid rural transformation over the past three decades. Against a background of agrarian modernization, economic liberalization, international integration and environmental change, this report explores the diversity of entrepreneurial activities and SME development in typical peri‐urban and rural settings of the region. Empirical findings on the trajectory of rural entrepreneurship development, enterprise characteristics, and the social profiles of business owners are presented. Beyond that, changes brought about by rural enterprises for livelihood diversification, social security and labor market dynamics are disaggregated and discussed by different business types and corresponding modus operandi (growth‐oriented vs. livelihood‐oriented enterprises). Finally, the results are contrasted with current government notions of promoting SMEs development as a driver of economic growth. Diverging from the government’s vision for boosting SME development in the context of rural industrialization, the large majority of private business establishments in the Mekong Delta are micro‐enterprises which operate at subsistence levels, while growth‐oriented SMEs remain the exception. Consequently, there is a need to reconsider policy formulation for more sustainability in the rural SME sector

Local Entrepreneurship in Vietnam’s Rural Transformation. A Case Study from the Mekong Delta

Empirical evidence from developing countries has illuminated the vital role private business development plays in rural transformation and the creation of off‐farm livelihoods. Since ‘renovation’ (Đổi mới) was promulgated by the Vietnamese Communist Party in 1986, Vietnam has experienced rapid growth and development through the transition from state to market. While de‐collectivization and the return to householdbased rural production reduced poverty and increased growth, entrepreneurship development in the form of Small and Medium Enterprises(SME) has emerged as a strong agent for socio‐economic diversification. The Mekong Delta, located in the Southwest of Vietnam, is a rural setting traditionally reliant on agriculture but has been facing rapid rural transformation over the past three decades. Against a background of agrarian modernization, economic liberalization, international integration and environmental change, this report explores the diversity of entrepreneurial activities and SME development in typical peri‐urban and rural settings of the region. Empirical findings on the trajectory of rural entrepreneurship development, enterprise characteristics, and the social profiles of business owners are presented. Beyond that, changes brought about by rural enterprises for livelihood diversification, social security and labor market dynamics are disaggregated and discussed by different business types and corresponding modus operandi (growth‐oriented vs. livelihood‐oriented enterprises). Finally, the results are contrasted with current government notions of promoting SMEs development as a driver of economic growth. Diverging from the government’s vision for boosting SME development in the context of rural industrialization, the large majority of private business establishments in the Mekong Delta are micro‐enterprises which operate at subsistence levels, while growth‐oriented SMEs remain the exception. Consequently, there is a need to reconsider policy formulation for more sustainability in the rural SME sector

Porandra microphylla Y. Wan (Commelinaceae): A new distributional record for Vietnam

Porandra microphylla Y. Wan, is a newly recorded species for the flora of Vietnam. This species was collected from Lai Chau and Vinh Phuc province of the country. Morphologically, P. microphylla is closely related to Porandra scandens D.Y. Hong, but differs by its smaller and abaxially glabrous leaves and oblong or subglobose anthers

Study on spatial distribution of coral reefs in Nam Yet island by using GIS and remote sensing techniques

Research and application of GIS and remote sensing techniques combined with field survey in coastal areas of Nam Yet island had been carried out to establish the distribution map of submarine habitats. Depth-invariant index was used to correct water column’s effects on spectral reflectance of each habitat. The results of satellite image classification showed that area with well-developed coral at great depths accounted for 12%, area with well-developed coral at small depths accounted for 9%, area with poorly-developed coral accounted for 13%, dead coral area accounted for 15% and area of sand, grit, pebbles and weathered coral accounted for 51%. The assessment after classification showed that the overall accuracy of the satellite image interpretation process was 94% and the kappa coefficient was 0.93