41 research outputs found
Efficient and Extensible Policy Mining for Relationship-Based Access Control
Relationship-based access control (ReBAC) is a flexible and expressive
framework that allows policies to be expressed in terms of chains of
relationship between entities as well as attributes of entities. ReBAC policy
mining algorithms have a potential to significantly reduce the cost of
migration from legacy access control systems to ReBAC, by partially automating
the development of a ReBAC policy. Existing ReBAC policy mining algorithms
support a policy language with a limited set of operators; this limits their
applicability. This paper presents a ReBAC policy mining algorithm designed to
be both (1) easily extensible (to support additional policy language features)
and (2) scalable. The algorithm is based on Bui et al.'s evolutionary algorithm
for ReBAC policy mining algorithm. First, we simplify their algorithm, in order
to make it easier to extend and provide a methodology that extends it to handle
new policy language features. However, extending the policy language increases
the search space of candidate policies explored by the evolutionary algorithm,
thus causes longer running time and/or worse results. To address the problem,
we enhance the algorithm with a feature selection phase. The enhancement
utilizes a neural network to identify useful features. We use the result of
feature selection to reduce the evolutionary algorithm's search space. The new
algorithm is easy to extend and, as shown by our experiments, is more efficient
and produces better policies
Training Deep Gaussian Processes using Stochastic Expectation Propagation and Probabilistic Backpropagation
Deep Gaussian processes (DGPs) are multi-layer hierarchical generalisations
of Gaussian processes (GPs) and are formally equivalent to neural networks with
multiple, infinitely wide hidden layers. DGPs are probabilistic and
non-parametric and as such are arguably more flexible, have a greater capacity
to generalise, and provide better calibrated uncertainty estimates than
alternative deep models. The focus of this paper is scalable approximate
Bayesian learning of these networks. The paper develops a novel and efficient
extension of probabilistic backpropagation, a state-of-the-art method for
training Bayesian neural networks, that can be used to train DGPs. The new
method leverages a recently proposed method for scaling Expectation
Propagation, called stochastic Expectation Propagation. The method is able to
automatically discover useful input warping, expansion or compression, and it
is therefore is a flexible form of Bayesian kernel design. We demonstrate the
success of the new method for supervised learning on several real-world
datasets, showing that it typically outperforms GP regression and is never much
worse
Class based Influence Functions for Error Detection
Influence functions (IFs) are a powerful tool for detecting anomalous
examples in large scale datasets. However, they are unstable when applied to
deep networks. In this paper, we provide an explanation for the instability of
IFs and develop a solution to this problem. We show that IFs are unreliable
when the two data points belong to two different classes. Our solution
leverages class information to improve the stability of IFs. Extensive
experiments show that our modification significantly improves the performance
and stability of IFs while incurring no additional computational cost.Comment: Thang Nguyen-Duc, Hoang Thanh-Tung, and Quan Hung Tran are co-first
authors of this paper. 12 pages, 12 figures. Accepted to ACL 202
Appropriate Antibiotic Use and Associated Factors in Vietnamese Outpatients
Background: Inappropriate antibiotic use among outpatients is recognized as the primary driver of antibiotic resistance. A proper understanding of appropriate antibiotic usage and associated factors helps to determine and limit inappropriateness. We aimed to identify the rate of appropriate use of antibiotics and identify factors associated with the inappropriate prescriptions. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in outpatient antibiotic use at a hospital in Can Tho City, Vietnam, from August 1, 2019, to January 31, 2020. Data were extracted from all outpatient prescriptions at the Medical Examination Department and analyzed by SPSS 18 and Chi-squared tests, with 95% confidence intervals. The rationale for antibiotic use was evaluated through antibiotic selection, dose, dosing frequency, dosing time, interactions between antibiotics and other drugs, and general appropriate usage. Results: A total of 420 prescriptions were 51.7% for females, 61.7% with health insurance, and 44.0% for patients with one comorbid condition. The general appropriate antibiotic usage rate was 86.7%. Prescriptions showed that 11.0% and 9.5% had a higher dosing frequency and dose than recommended, respectively; 10.2% had an inappropriate dosing time; 3.1% had drug interactions; and only 1.7% had been prescribed inappropriate antibiotics. The risk of inappropriate antibiotic use increased in patients with comorbidities and antibiotic treatment lasting >7 days (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The study indicated a need for more consideration when prescribing antibiotics to patients with comorbidities or using more than 7 days of treatment