The attitudes and experiences of families with death determination in the home

The purpose of this study is to describe the attitudes and experiences of family members with respect to death determination practices for the terminally iii clients of home care agencies. A sample of family 53 members in Southeast Michigan returned survey questionnaires. The findings indicate that police and emergency medical technicians most frequently respond to the call when a person with a terminal illness has died. Fifty percent of the family members reported feeling sad, 35 percent reported feeling relieved and 18 percent of the respondents felt angry about the arrival of multiple personnel. Feelings of anger were signficantly associated with the absence of a nurse at the time of death, the use of lights and sirens, disrespectful personnel and the arrival of multiple personnel. Feelings of anger were also significantly associated with continuing thoughts of the day of death by family members. Results suggest the need to rethink state and local laws in regard to death determination and to educate those most likely to respond to families sensitively. Home care agencies and hospices should also encourage attendance by nurses at the time of death.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67059/2/10.1177_104990918900600504.pd

Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan stres kerja pada pekerja bagian weaving Pt.Unitex Tbk tahun 2011

Stres kerja dapat diartikan sebagai suatu kondisi dimana satu atau beberapa faktor ditempat kerja berinteraksi dengan pekerja sedemikian rupa sehingga menggangu keseimbangan fisiologik dan psikologik. Stres kerja juga merupakan tahap awal terjadinya penyakit individu yang rentan. Sebagai akibat, stres dapat menimbulkan gangguan psikosomatik, neurotik, dan psikosis yang dapat dilihat dengan meningkatnya angka abseinteisme, angka terlambat kerja yang tinggi, pergantian karyawan dan kecelakaaan kerja yang pada akhirnya mempengaruhi tingkat kualitas dan performa kerja.berdasarkan tingginya angka kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi dibagian weaving, untuk itu perlu adanya mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya stres pada pekerja agar lebih mudah diatasi dan diminimalisasi. Penelitian ini bersifat studi analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan stres kerja pada pekerja bagin weaving PT Unitex Tbk. Pengambilan data ini dilakukan melalui data primer yaitu dengan menyebarkan kuesioner. Kuesioner ini sebelumnya telah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 150 pekerja bagian weaving yang sebelumnya telah dihitung melalui rumus pengambilan sampel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat dua variabel yang memiliki hubungan terhadap stres kerja pada pekerja bagian weaving PT Unitex Tbk, yaitu variabel beban kerja (P Value=0,008) dan rutinitas (P Value=0,003). Upaya pengendalian yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan terus memberikan pemerkayaan pekerjaan, membentuk lingkungan sosial sehat, melakukan pergantian wilayah kerja serta melakukan pekerjaan dengan perasaan senang. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan agar dapat meneliti faktor-faktor lain yang juga menunjang terjadinya stres kerja pada pekerja

Composition and Orientation Effects on Group Cohesion

This study investigated the effects of homogeneous composition and orientation upon the development of cohesion in growth groups. Eight groups, each composed of seven members, were homogeneously composed on the basis of inclusion need using Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior. Members were graduate students enrolled in a group procedures course in counseling psychology. Two high-inclusion, two high-moderate, two low-moderate, and two low-inclusion groups were formed. One group from each of these levels was then randomly selected to receive either a cohesion or general-orientation message. Cohesion was measured by a questionnaire developed by Yalom and was assessed at three intervals. Results indicated that the two low-moderate inclusion groups surpassed the other groups in the development of cohesion; most work toward the establishment of cohesion was completed by Session 15 or mid-way period; and the effects of orientation were negligible. </jats:p

Conformational Changes in Simian Virus 40 Rearranged Regulatory Regions: Effects of the 21-Base-Pair Promoters and Their Location

ABSTRACT Simian virus 40 (SV40) is an excellent model system for investigating the cis - and trans -acting factors involved in eukaryotic DNA replication because it uses host enzymes, with the exception of the virus-encoded T-antigen (T-ag), to replicate its genome. Although its origin of replication ( ori ) is essential for DNA replication, there are transcriptional promoters and enhancers that affect DNA replication efficiency. T-ag binds to sites I to III within and around ori with different affinities and induces structural changes. We were interested in determining if the position of the promoters relative to ori influences the binding of T-ag to these regions. Furthermore, we characterized the DNA structural changes that occur as a result of protein binding when the promoters are absent and also when the promoters are moved from their wild-type position upstream of ori to a position downstream of ori . Using sequence- and conformation-specific chemical probes, our data indicate that (i) the conformation of site I is influenced by T-ag binding and by flanking sequences, (ii) the conformation of the promoters after T-ag binding is dependent on their location, and (iii) unwinding of ori is influenced by the location of the promoters and their presence or absence. These differences in DNA conformation may help explain decreases in relative DNA replication efficiency that occur when the promoters are absent or located downstream of ori. </jats:p

Relationship among Location of T-Antigen-Induced DNA Distortion, Auxiliary Sequences, and DNA Replication Efficiency

T-antigen-induced DNA distortion was studied in a series of simian virus 40 (SV40) plasmid constructs whose relative replication efficiency ranges from 0.2 to 36. Bending was detected in the wild-type SV40 regulatory region consisting of three copies of the GC-rich 21-bp repeat but not in constructs with only one or two copies of the 21-bp repeat. In a construct with enhanced replication efficiency, bending occurred in a 69-bp cellular sequence located upstream of a single copy of the 21-bp repeat. Bending occurred both upstream of ori and in the three 21-bp repeats located downstream of ori in a construct with reduced replication efficiency. In a construct with no 21-bp repeats, DNA distortion occurred downstream of ori. The results indicate that SV40 DNA replication is enhanced when the structure of the regulatory region allows the DNA to form a bent structure upstream of the initial movement of the replication fork