In vitro interaction of LAL-adherent atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) with the epithelial cell.

As EPEC típicas apresentam padrão de adesão localizada (LA) em células epiteliais, formando de microcolônias compactas. As EPEC atípicas aderem no padrão de adesão localizada-like (LAL), no qual não se observa microcolônias e que ocorre tardiamente em relação à LA. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a interação de EPEC atípica que apresenta o padrão LAL com a célula epitelial. A cinética da formação da lesão A/E, característica da patogênese de EPEC, demonstrou um atraso na adesão e na formação da lesão em EPEC atípica, que correspondeu à expressão tardia de Intimina, Tir e EspA. A complementação de EPEC atípica com o regulador perABC antecipou a expressão destes fatores e a formação da lesão A/E. Não foi observada relação entre outras adesinas descritas em DEC com o padrão LAL, bem como a mobilização dos receptores eucarióticos nucleolina e b1-Integrina para o foco de adesão. Observou-se a possível interação da Intimina com um peptídeo da membrana da célula epitelial de 300 kDa, podendo tratar-se de um provável receptor para essa adesina.Typical EPEC exhibit a localized adherence (LA) pattern in epithelial cells, where tight bacterial clusters are produced. Atypical EPEC produce a localized-like (LAL) adhesion pattern, in which the compact clusters are not formed and that occurs in a later stage of the infection. The aim of this study was to characterize the interaction of LAL-adherent atypical EPEC with the epithelial cell. The kinetics of the A/E lesion, the main feature of EPEC pathology, showed a clear delay in its formation by the atypical strains, probably a consequence of the delay observed in the expression of Intimin, Tir and EspA. The complementation of atypical EPEC with the perABC regulator revealed to be effective in not only advancing the expression of these factors, as well the formation of A/E lesion. No correlation was found between the presence of different adhesins already described in DEC and the LAL pattern. The analysis of the possible interaction of Intimin with epithelial cell receptors showed the presence of a 300 kDa peptide that it seems to interact with this adhesin

In vitro interaction of LAL-adherent atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) with the epithelial cell.

As EPEC típicas apresentam padrão de adesão localizada (LA) em células epiteliais, formando de microcolônias compactas. As EPEC atípicas aderem no padrão de adesão localizada-like (LAL), no qual não se observa microcolônias e que ocorre tardiamente em relação à LA. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a interação de EPEC atípica que apresenta o padrão LAL com a célula epitelial. A cinética da formação da lesão A/E, característica da patogênese de EPEC, demonstrou um atraso na adesão e na formação da lesão em EPEC atípica, que correspondeu à expressão tardia de Intimina, Tir e EspA. A complementação de EPEC atípica com o regulador perABC antecipou a expressão destes fatores e a formação da lesão A/E. Não foi observada relação entre outras adesinas descritas em DEC com o padrão LAL, bem como a mobilização dos receptores eucarióticos nucleolina e b1-Integrina para o foco de adesão. Observou-se a possível interação da Intimina com um peptídeo da membrana da célula epitelial de 300 kDa, podendo tratar-se de um provável receptor para essa adesina.Typical EPEC exhibit a localized adherence (LA) pattern in epithelial cells, where tight bacterial clusters are produced. Atypical EPEC produce a localized-like (LAL) adhesion pattern, in which the compact clusters are not formed and that occurs in a later stage of the infection. The aim of this study was to characterize the interaction of LAL-adherent atypical EPEC with the epithelial cell. The kinetics of the A/E lesion, the main feature of EPEC pathology, showed a clear delay in its formation by the atypical strains, probably a consequence of the delay observed in the expression of Intimin, Tir and EspA. The complementation of atypical EPEC with the perABC regulator revealed to be effective in not only advancing the expression of these factors, as well the formation of A/E lesion. No correlation was found between the presence of different adhesins already described in DEC and the LAL pattern. The analysis of the possible interaction of Intimin with epithelial cell receptors showed the presence of a 300 kDa peptide that it seems to interact with this adhesin

Oral incidence of Staphylococcus aureus and antimicrobials agents resistance

Three health Brazilian families were examined for their oral carriage of Staphylococcus aureus   the most common persistent human pathogen. The mean level of S.aureus colonization was high 56.2% and 25.9% of the individuals were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) carriers. However, a low level of resistance to eight antimicrobial agents were found, except for penicillin (85.1%), erythromycin (40.7%) and amoxicillin (22.2%)

Role of SdiA on Biofilm Formation by Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli are capable to form biofilm on biotic and abiotic surfaces, regardless of the adherence pattern displayed. Several E. coli mechanisms are regulated by Quorum sensing (QS), including virulence factors and biofilm formation. Quorum sensing is a signaling system that confers bacteria with the ability to respond to chemical molecules known as autoinducers. Suppressor of division inhibitor (SdiA) is a QS receptor present in atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) that detects acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) type autoinducers. However, these bacteria do not encode an AHL synthase, but they are capable of sensing AHL molecules produced by other species, establishing an inter-species bacterial communication. In this study, we performed experiments to evaluate pellicle, ring-like structure and biofilm formation on wild type, sdiA mutants and complemented strains. We also evaluated the transcription of genes involved in different stages of biofilm formation, such as bcsA, csgA, csgD, fliC and fimA. The sdiA mutants were capable of forming thicker biofilm structures and showed increased motility when compared to wild type and complemented strains. Moreover, they also showed denser pellicles and ring-like structures. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated increased csgA, csgD and fliC transcription on mutant strains. Biofilm formation, as well as csgD, csgA and fimA transcription decreased on wild type strains by the addition of AHL. These results indicate that SdiA participates on the regulation of these phenotypes in aEPEC and that AHL addition enhances the repressor effect of this receptor on the transcription of biofilm and motility related genes