Surgical treatment of carotid ⁃ ophthalmic aneurysm

Objective To explore the anatomical features of carotid ⁃ ophthalmic aneurysm and clinoid process and the surgical technique and outcome. Methods In this study there were 15 patients with carotid ⁃ ophthalmic aneurysm (12 patients ophthalmic aneurysm, 1 superior hypophsial aneurysm, 2 dorsal internal carotid aneurysm). Patients were treated by clipping procedure through pterional approach. During the procedure, intra⁃ and extra⁃cranial internal carotid arteries were temporarily occluded. Results Postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or CT angiography (CTA) examinations showed that the effect of clipping treatment was satisfactory in 13 patients, the blood flow was good in parent artery and distal artery. Visual acuity was improved in 2 cases with visual disturbance. After surgery only one case presented hemiparesis of contralateral limb. No severe operative ⁃ related complications occurred. All patients were followed up for 3-10 months (average 5 months) after surgery. The recovery was good. Conclusion Pterional approach combined with temporary blocking of intra ⁃ and extra ⁃ cranial internal carotid artery is an effective and safety surgical method for treating carotid⁃ophthalmic aneurysm. During operation, fluorescence imaging can immediately indicate whether there are residual aneurysm and narrow parent artery, so that it can help the physician to adjust the clipping procedure and achieve satisfactory effect. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2011.02.01

A New Regionalization Scheme for Effective Ecological Restoration on the Loess Plateau in China

To prevent potentially unsuitable activities during vegetation restoration, it is important to examine the impact of historical restoration activities on the target ecological system to inform future restoration policies. Taking the Loess Plateau of China as an example, a regionalization method and corresponding scheme were proposed to select suitable vegetation types (forested lands, woody grasslands/bushlands, grasslands, or xerophytic shrublands and semi-shrublands) for a given location using remote sensing technology in order to analyze the vegetation growth status before and after the largest ecological conservation project in the country: The Grain for Green Program (GTGP). To design the scheme, remote sensing data covering the periods before and after the implementation of the GTGP (the 1980s and 2001–2013) were collected, along with soil, meteorological, and topographic data. The net primary production (NPP) values for 2001–2013 were calculated using the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model. Locations representing the native vegetation and the restored vegetation were first recognized using maps of vegetation cover. Then, for the restored vegetation area, the places suitable for planting the covered vegetation type were selected by comparing the NPP value of the corresponding vegetation type in the native vegetation area to the NPP value in the site under consideration. Third, half of these sites were uniformly selected based on their NPP value, and these areas and the native vegetation area were used as training regions. Based on weather, soil, and topographic data, a new regionalization scheme was designed using standardized Euclidean distances. Finally, data from the remainder of the Loess Plateau were used to validate the new regionalization scheme, which was also compared to an existing Chinese eco-geographical regionalization scheme. The results showed that the new regionalization scheme performed well, with an average potential classification accuracy of 81.81%. Compared with the eco-geographical regionalization scheme, the new scheme exhibited improved the consistency of vegetation dynamics, reflecting the potential to better guide vegetation restoration activities on the Loess Plateau

Evolution Characteristics of Water Quality in Plain Reservoirs and Its Relationship with the Economic Development Response: A Case Study of Daheiting Reservoir in Northern China

In order to explore the evolution characteristics of TP and NH3-N in Daheiting reservoir since its construction, and their response to economic development, the monitoring data of water quality from 1992 to 2018 and statistical data of socio-economic development in Qianxi County were analyzed to examine the interannual evolution of TP and NH3-N and their correlation with upstream water quality, various economic indicators, and the scale of cage fish culture. The results show that, influenced by economic development, the evolution process of TP and NH3-N in Daheiting reservoir can be divided into three stages. In Stage I, the economic development of Qianxi County was slow, and the water quality of upstream water and the reservoir was good, with TP and NH3-N concentrations remaining relatively stable. In Stage II, Qianxi County entered a period of rapid economic development, and the TP and NH3-N in upstream water and Daheiting reservoir both increased significantly, with TP exceeding the standard limit. In Stage III, the intensity of external pollution control increased, and all cages were removed from the reservoir. Both TP and NH3-N showed a downward trend, but TP still exceeded the standard limit. Pearson correlation analysis and RDA analysis revealed that the levels of TP and NH3-N in Daheiting reservoir were mainly affected by the water quality of upstream water and the development of primary industry (including cage fish culture)

Analysis on the Characteristics of Annual Changes and the Detention Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrients in Plain Reservoirs

In order to study the annual variation characteristics and the retention effect of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in plain reservoirs, taking Daheiting Reservoir in North China Plain as an example, the annual variation characteristics of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) in Saheqiao and dam front water of Daheiting Reservoir from January 2018 to December 2018 were analyzed. On this basis, the retention rate of nitrogen and phosphorus and the actual retention rate of Daheiting Reservoir are calculated and analyzed. The results show that the annual average actual retention rate of Daheiting Reservoir in 2018 is only 65.70%, and other indicators are negative. The overall performance of water quality indicators in the year is that the retention effect in wet seasons is greater than that in dry seasons, and the retention effect is affected by the absorption and transformation of algae in the reservoir, the precipitation of particulate nutrients, the release of sediment and the operation and regulation of the reservoir, in which the operation and regulation of the reservoir plays a decisive function. The results show that Daheiting Reservoir has obvious interception effect on TP and still plays the role of “sink”, while it basically maintains the balance of nitrogen

Comparison of the extent of pulmonary abnormalities in pMDR and DS TB ^a.

<p>Comparison of the extent of pulmonary abnormalities in pMDR and DS TB <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0176354#t003fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis versus drug-sensitive tuberculosis in non-HIV-infected patients: Comparisons of CT findings

<div><p>Background</p><p>Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has emerged as a global threat. The aim of this work was to compare the CT findings of primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and drug-sensitive tuberculosis in non-AIDS adults.</p><p>Material and methods</p><p>From January 2012 to February 2016, 89 patients with primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis were retrospectively reviewed, and 89 consecutive drug sensitive TB patients with no history of anti-tuberculous chemotherapy from January 2014 to November 2014 were enrolled as control group. All patients were seronegative for HIV. The patients’ demographic data and the locations, frequency and patterns of lung lesions on chest CT were compared.</p><p>Results</p><p>Gender and frequency of diabetes were similar between the two groups. The mean age of primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients was younger than that of drug-sensitive tuberculosis (39.0 vs 47.5, P = 0.005). Lung cavitary nodules or masses were more frequently observed and also showed greater extent in primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis compared with drug-sensitive tuberculosis. The extent of bronchiectasis was significantly greater in primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis than in drug-sensitive tuberculosis. Calcification, large nodules and calcified lymph nodes were more frequent in drug-sensitive tuberculosis.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Characteristic chest CT findings may help differentiate between primary multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and drug-sensitive tuberculosis in patients without HIV infection.</p></div

Primary multidrug-resistant TB in a 29-year-old man.

<p>A lung window of a transverse thin-section CT scan (1.25-mm-section thickness) showing multiple cavities in both lungs.</p

Demographics of patients with primary MDR TB and DS TB^a.

<p>Demographics of patients with primary MDR TB and DS TB<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0176354#t001fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Primary multidrug-resistant TB in a 39-year-old man.

<p>Lung window of a transverse thin-section CT scan (1.25-mm-section thickness) showing multiple consolidations, small centrilobular nodules, tree-in-buds and bronchiectasis (arrow). A cavity in consolidation at the left lower lobe was also noted (curved arrow).</p