Adakah Kaitan antara Penyakit Kusta Kerbau (Lepra Bubalorum) dan Penyakit Kusta Manusia (Lepra Humanum) di Sulawesi ?

Lepra bubalorum or leprosy in water buffaloes, is an exotic disease in buffaloes. It is a very interesting phenomenon in Veterinary Medicine because until to date it has been found only in Indonesia. Kok and Rusli (1926) has published their first report in 1926 describing the disease in Java. Since then the diagnosis of leprosy has been established by histological examinations in about 146 water buffaloes (Lobel, 1934). It has also been found in Holstein-Freisen cow (Ressang and Titus, I960), one case in Ongole breed and another in an unidentified cow breed. For leprosy infection in bovine, Kraneveld and Roza (1954) proposed to use the name Lepra bovina Lobel (1934) was the first scientist who brought the attention of this unusual disease to the International scientific world. His extensive works gave vs a clear description of the clinical signs and symptoms, histopathological changes and the microbiological arrangement of the acid fast baccili of the infectious agent in the affected tissues. The changes found in the cutaneous tissue of these animals resembled to those found in the skin of lepromatous lessions in humans. The rod-shape bacteria which is acid fast, are always present in the nodules of the diseases animals. In central Sulawesi (Celebes), leprosy in humans was found as the second most prevalant chronic diseases after pulmonary tuberculosis. It is interesting to know that apparently human leprosy was also found in great numbers in the same area where leprosy in water buffaloes was found frequently. This phenomenon is an interesting subject for investigation to see whether the genus of the bacteria found in humans and that in water buffaloes have the anthropozoonotic properties. * Makalah ini disajikan pada Simposium "Kemajuan Dalam Penyakit Tropis dan Parasit" di Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta, 12 Desember 1992 ** Bagian Patologi Anatomi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta, Indonesia. Up to now there are no studies about the microbiological structure of this bacterium in water buffaloes, their biological and immunological characteristics

A Study of the Toxicity of Gnetum Gnemon in Rats

Empat puluh ekor tikus putih sapihan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok dan setiap kelompok terdiri atas 10 ekor hewan. Grup A diberi makan makanan standar dan dipergunakan sebagai kelompok kontrol. Grub B diberi makan percobaan yang mengandung ,10% tepung Gnetum gnemon (melinjo). Grup C diberi makan percobaan yang mengandung campuran 7.5% G. gnemon (GG) dan 2?5%> tepung beras. Grup D diberi makan percobaan yang mengandung 7.5%> GG dan 2.5% susu skim. Makanan dan air minum diberikan secara ad. libitum selama masa observasi. Lima ekor tikus dari setiap kelompok dibunuh pada akhir bulan pertama dan bulan kedua. Semasa observasi, gejala klinis yang tampak pada Grup B adalah bulu bulu men­jadi kasar dan suram, kurang aktif, lemah dan menjadi kurus. Seekor nampak mengeluarkan cairan berwar­na merah dari mata dan hidungnya. Empat ekor dari grup ini mati pada masa observasi bulan pertama. Dua ekor tikus Grup C nampak menjadi kurus dan mati pada hari ke-14. Semua tikus dalam Grup D nam­pak tumbuh kurang sempurna dan kerdil, tetapi tidak menunjukan gejala klinis lain. Perubahan anatomis terdiri atas atrofi otot gerak, anemia dan perdarahan serta nekrosis di dalam hati

Penelitian Toksisitas Daun Stevia Rebaudiana Bertonii M Pada Mencit Dan Tikus Putih

The acute and subchronic toxicity tests were carried out on the aquaous extract of the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertonii M. obtained from the Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat in Tawamangu, Surakarta, Central Java. The acute toxicity test was done by the Weil's method (1952) on mice and the subchronic toxicity test was done on rats by a method developed by the Pharmaceutical Research and Deve­lopment Center of the National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jakarta. The results are : the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertonii M. can be grouped into substances which are "practically non-toxic" based on the criteria used by Gleason (1969) and the oral administration of doses up to 320 mg/100 g body weight daily for 6 months showed no negative effect on the organs of the animals examined

Kelainan Patologi pada Mencit dan Tikus Disebabkan Zat Warna Rhodamine B dan Metanil Yellow

PATHOLOGICAL LESIONS IN MICE AND RATS CAUSED BY DYESTUFFS RHODAMINE B AND METANIL YELLOW. Rhodamine B and Metanil Yellow are 2 non-edible dyestuffs which are widely used for coloring snacks and drinks in Jakarta. These substances are reportedly toxic for human beings, however no data on acute or chronic intoxications are available so far. Groups of mice and rats were fed with either Rhodamine B or Metanil Yellow. The doses of these dyestuffs varied from 0.5 mg to 1350 mg per kilogram body weight. These animals were dcvided into 3 different experimental groups, respectively acute, subacute and chronic toxicity tests. Clinical signs included discoloration of the skin and its intensity depended upon the concentration of the dyestuffs used. The body weight gain of the test animals were consistently lower than those of the controls. Some animals became agressive and cannibalism occurred. Pathological lesions consisted of unthriftiness, focal liver inflammation, hydronephrosis, hepatoma and lymphoma. Considering the results of the experiments, it is justified to warn that the wide use of Rhodamine B and Metanil Yellow for food coloring might be hazardous for human health

Percobaan Enteromegali pada Mencit dan Gerbil (Meriones Unguiculatus) Disebabkan Sulfas Atropin dan Chlorpromazine Hcl

Seventy nine mice and 18 gerbils were used in this experiment. The Chlorpromazine Group con­sisted of 39 mice and 12 gerbils. Each animal was injected with Chlorpromazine HQ 50 mg per kilogram body weight. Injections were administered twice a week for a period of 10 weeks. Clinical signs were only found in mice. Abdominal distention was transient in few animals and persisted in few others until the experiment was terminated. Few animals, without signs of meteorismus, developed priapismus and semenal discharge. The gut weight expressed in percentage of the total body weight of the enteromegalic mice was above 13 %, whereas that of the control animals varied between 6.3 % and 12.4 %. One gerbil developed segmental hydrosalpinx.Forty mice and 6 gerbils in the Sulfas Atropin Group were treated similarly as those of the Chlor­promazine Group, but injected with Atropini Sulfas daily at the rate of 0.330 mg to 0.660 mgper kilo­gram body weight for 14 or 20 days. Abdominal distention and/or enteromegaly did not occur at the termination of the experiment

A Preliminary Study on Histological Effect of Salted Fish (Ophiocephalus Striata) in Albino Rats

Tiga puluh ekor tikus putih umur 28 hari dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok. Setiap kelom­pok terdiri atas 10 ekor. Grup I diberi makan pakan non-protein, Grup II diberi pakan 10% susu skim dan Grup III diberi pakan 10% protein ikan asin. Makanan dan minuman diberikan secara ad. libitum. Setiap ekor sebelum percobaan dimulai dan 2 kali seminggu selama masa observasi ditimbang berat badannya. Pada hari ke 28, setiap tikus diukur protein efficiency rationya. Percobaan ini diamati selama 4 bulan penuh. Dalam masa observasi, ditemukan 3 ekor tikus Grup III mati dan 2 ekor tampak kurus serta bulunya kasar dan tidak berkilau. Pada otopsi dari tikus yang mati ditemukan mukosa bagian posterior orofaring berwarna keputihan dan permukaannya bergranuler. Pada pemeriksa­an mikroskopik jaringan ini menunjukkan reaksi radang kronis dan disertai dengan hiperplasi dan hiperkeratosis lapisan mukosa. Lapisan epitel beberapa asinus kelenjar ludah mengalami skuamus metaplasia dan ada pula yang disertai mutiara keratin. Ada beberapa lagi asinus yang mengalami delatasi dan lumennya dilapisi epitel gepeng. Alat-alat tubuh lain tidak mengalami Perubahan yang nyata

Laporan Pendahuluan Mengenai Pendarahan Perirenal dan Metropati pada Gerbil (Meriones Unguiculatus) Disebabkan Mikotoksin Penicilium Viridicatum

Twenty four female gerbils were alloted into 4 groups and each group consisted of 6 animals. Group A was fed with standard diet used as control. Groups B, C and D were fed with diets respectively containing 2,5 %, 5 % and 10 % concentrations of dried ground cultures of Penicillium viridicatum. Three gerbils from each group were killed at the end of 5 and 12 week feeding period respectively. No clinical sign was observed in test groups, other than decrease of body weight. Gross lesions were observed in animals which were killed.at the end of 12 week feeding period. Lesions included hydropic degeneration, hemorrhages, and necrosis of perirenal fatty tissue. The renal parenchyma showed the feature of toxicosis. Microscopic lesions of degeneration, hemorrhages, necrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration of perirenal tissue. The kidney showed focal dilatation and collapse of tubulus