INBAND MULTICAST FAULT DETECTION TO REDUCE SERVICE COST

Techniques herein define a simple, but very useful, extension to hop-by-hop signaling that can be utilized to determine a failed node in a network, which may help to reduce fault detection time. In one instance, techniques described herein may involve multicast Label Distribution Protocol (mLDP)-based signaling, however, other replication technologies that involve underlay signaling may be utilized in accordance with techniques described herein

ON DEMAND BIT INDEX EXPLICIT REPLICATION FORWARDING FOR OPTIMIZED REPLICATION IN IOT NETWORKS

An industrial Internet of Things (IoT) deployment can potentially have thousands of devices. The need to perform, for example, a software upgrade on such devices presents a number of difficulties. While Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) offers a potential solution to some of those difficulties, with respect to low-cost IoT devices, utilizing BIER also presents various challenges. To address these challenges techniques are presented herein that facilitate the on-demand installation and uninstallation of a BIER state for the optimal replication of a multicast flow in support of, for example, software upgrades in an IoT domain, such as Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) domain

PIM FLOODING MECHANISM AND SOURCE DISCOVERY (PFM-SD) EXTENSION TO AVOID FLOOD BETWEEN MULTI HOME PEER

Techniques are provided to support an extension to PFM-SD that avoids multicast traffic flooding across multi-home provide edge nodes, and maintains a faster convergence capability provided by multi-homing. These techniques allow a last hop router to create two trees, and provides a framework to ensure that Ethernet Segment failure has minimum traffic close for a receiver. In addition, these techniques involve a mechanism to avoid traffic flood over a core network between peers

The Landscape of Regulatory Noncoding RNAs in Ewing’s Sarcoma

Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) is a pediatric sarcoma caused by a chromosomal translocation. Unlike in most cancers, the genomes of ES patients are very stable. The translocation product of the EWS-FLI1 fusion is most often the predominant genetic driver of oncogenesis, and it is pertinent to explore the role of epigenetic alterations in the onset and progression of ES. Several types of noncoding RNAs, primarily microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, are key epigenetic regulators that have been shown to play critical roles in various cancers. The functions of these epigenetic regulators are just beginning to be appreciated in ES. Here, we performed a comprehensive literature review to identify these noncoding RNAs. We identified clinically relevant tumor suppressor microRNAs, tumor promoter microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. We then explored the known interplay between different classes of noncoding RNAs and described the currently unmet need for expanding the noncoding RNA repertoire of ES. We concluded the review with a discussion of epigenetic regulation of ES via regulatory noncoding RNAs. These noncoding RNAs provide new avenues of exploration to develop better therapeutics and identify novel biomarkers