The Palestine Communist Party, its arabisation and the Arab Jewish conflict in Palestine, 1929-1948

This thesis is devoted to a studly of the communist movement in Palestine during the British Mandate with special emphasis on its growth within the Arab section of the population. Chapter one traces the development of the Palestine Communist Party as an outgrowth of the Zionist labour movement and its progress during the first ten years of its existence as a predominantly Jewish organisation. Chapters two and three examine the Comintern's preoccupation with the necessity of Arabising the Party and traces the Party's early attempts to penetrate into the Arab community, its reactions, to the Comintern's directives and the actual process of Arabisation and the policies pursued therein. Chapter four looks at the Party's policies and role vis-a-vis the Arab Rebellion of 1936-39, and the development of a Jewish opposition culminating in the first major split of the Party. Chapter five is devoted to an examination. of the Party's position during Second World War and its faithful adherence to the twists and turns of Soviet foreign policy. It also traces the Party's increasing involvement within the Arab community as evinced by its activity in the labour movement. Chapter six deals with the split of the Party in 1943, its origins and the consequent establishment of separate Arab and Jewish communist organisations, 9 and the development of the Jewish communists up to 1948. Chapter seven examines the establishment of an Arab national communist movement; and looks in detail at communist activity within the Arab working class and the intelligentsia. It closes with an analysis of the communist response to partition and the attempts made to justify it. The primary sources upon which this study is based include the following: the the publications of the Palestine Communist Party and National Liberation League, intelligence reports of the British Colonial Office and the Jewish Agency in Jerusalem, the official publications of the Comintern, and personal interviews with old party members

An exploration of London in fiction and reality

This paper concerns itself with investigating the relationship between representations and reality by focussing on fictional descriptions of London in the novels of Peter Ackroyd. Taking the initial inspiration of fantastical Utopias as products of human minds embedded in the social and spatial city this paper developed by investigating how these impressions could possibly be related to the real city. Using experimental techniques to collect data from fictional texts this paper asks the question of how the relationship between fiction and reality can be understood. Using a number of techniques inspired by Franco Moretti coupled with the conventional space syntax methods developed by Bill Hillier this paper aims to posit the hypothesis that there is a profound relationship between fictional city of London and London in reality, a generative relationship which sees the representation aid the development of reality and vice versa. As images are created in cultural minds these in turn have an impact on the lived realities through the work of designers, architects and authors which influence and are influenced by citizens, users and readers. This paper uses the work of Hillier and Moretti as a base which is coupled with ideas about new technology and its role in the process of creating literature which can be experienced not only in books but through other mediums. This paper introduces these ideas with a discussion of their background before focussing on a wider review of related literature which can be used to discuss the topic at hand. The data collected from the reading of Ackroyd's three novels is then presented through a variety of techniques. Finally a conclusion is offered in the form of a discussion of the influences of new technology and the challenge of post modernity for representations of the city. The paper ends by drawing parallels between text and city and how each is formed based on Hillier's work on the relation between the two

Pharmacoepidemiology of premenstrual syndrome

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DX188594 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

An Integrated approach for 3D simulation of construction sequence

In order to eliminate design-related problems and to ease planning difficulties, a new integrated approach is required to manage and present design and construction information. This paper examines the feasibility of integrating design and construction scheduling information produced by'industry standard'software. It describes the structure of a prototype which has been developed to generate a 3D simulation model for the construction sequence by integrating a CAD package with a project planning software. This study aims at establishing an integrated approach to communicate construction planning graphically to users (designers or construction managers) prior to construction in order to enhance the efficiency of the design/construction process.

The Role Of Zooplankton In The Pelagic Food Webs Of Tropical Lakes

There is a general paucity of studies concerning trophic interactions between zooplankton and Cyanobacteria, and about the general role which zooplankton play in pelagic food webs in tropical saline lakes. Although the relative importance of allochthonous and autochthonous carbon resources to the diet of zooplankton in temperate lakes is well understood, significant knowledge gaps remain in tropical systems.This thesis addresses three principal questions: (1) What are the principal trophic interactions between zooplankton and Cyanobacteria in tropical lakes, with a specific focus on the lakes of the East African Rift Valley?; (2) Is there potential for competition between zooplankton and lesser flamingos in the Rift Valley lakes?; (3) What is the relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous carbon sources for aquatic consumers in tropical lakes? These questions were answered by analysing the compositions and trophic interactions in the pelagic food webs of four contrasting East African lakes (Naivasha, Baringo, Bogoria and Sonachi). The lakes were sampled over two campaigns in different seasons. The planktonic compositions and size distributions were assessed by microscopic identification of individual planktonic taxa. Fish and flamingos were also sampled. The trophic levels and potential dietary interactions of each identified taxa were then evaluated using natural abundance stable isotope analyses (δ13C and δ15N). The potential contribution of other carbon sources, such as terrestrial particulate organic carbon, was also assessed.In Chapter 3, observations from Lake Sonachi suggest that the pico-alga Synechococcus sp. was the dominant food item for the principal zooplankton taxon (the large calanoid Lovenula sp.). This finding differs from reports in other in tropical lakes which had suggested that large calanoids mainly consume colonies of Microcystis sp. The findings from Lake Bogoria, presented in Chapter 4, suggest a pronounced seasonality in the occurrence of Moina sp. and Cyclotella sp. This was predominantly a consequence of lake level rise and associated freshening during the wet season. These organisms do not appear to be utilised as a significant food source by flamingos in this lake. This suggests that seasonal shifts in the planktonic food web structure are not beneficial for flamingos in this lake. The results also suggest that rotifers may compete with flamingos for their main food item, the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira sp. In Chapter 5, stable isotope abundance and C/N ratio data from Lakes Baringo and Naivasha suggest that pelagic zooplankton in both lakes were largely dependent on autochthonous carbon in both sampling seasons, despite potentially large catchment sediment fluxes. This challenges previous suggestions that allochthonous carbon is an important basal resource for pelagic food webs in many lakes. Such assumptions, as derived from temperate lake systems may not always apply to tropical lake systems, as sampled in this study.</div