53 research outputs found

    Milky Way Subsystems from Globular Clusters Kinematics Using Gaia DR2 and HST Data

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    We employ Gaia DR2 proper motions for 151 Milky Way globular clusters from Vasiliev (2019) in tandem with distances and line-of-sight velocities to derive their kinematical properties. To assign clusters to the Milky Way thick disk, bulge, and halo we follow the approach of Posti et al. (2018) who distinguished among different Galactic stellar components using stars's orbits. In particular, we use the ratio Lz/eL_{z}/e, the ZZ projection of the angular momentum to the eccentricity, as population tracer, which we complement with chemical abundances extracted from the literature and Monte-Carlo simulations. We find that 20 globular clusters belong to the bar/bulge of the Milky Way, 35 exhibit disk properties, and 96 are members of the halo. Moreover, we find that halo globular clusters have close to zero rotational velocity with average value =1±\pm 4 km s1^{-1}. On the other hand, the sample of clusters that belong to the thick disk possesses a significant rotation with average rotational velocity 179 ±\pm 6 km s1^{-1}. The twenty globular clusters orbiting within the bar/bulge region of the Milky Way galaxy have average rotational velocity of 49 ±\pm 11 km s1^{-1}.Comment: 25 pages, 10 Figures, 5 Tables. Accepted to Astrophysical Journa

    Literature review and clinical observation of acquired idiopathic hemophilia with a new missense mutation in the factor VIII gene (His2026Arg)

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    The article provides review of possible mechanisms of inhibitor coagulopathies, in particular of acquired hemophilia A. This pathology is an extremely rare disease occurring in 1-2 cases in 1 million per year. In the present study we provide data for two clinical cases of hemophilia A in women. These cases had different development mechanisms, although both women have a newly discovered missense mutation His2026Arg in the VIII factor gene. The matter of main interest is the description of the disease development in the patient with an acquired idiopathic hemophilia A with a possible disease occurrence due to an asymmetric X-chromosome inactivation (lyonization). In this particular case lyonization led to the late manifestation of the hemophilia A carrier’s state and development of severe form of the inhibitor-associated acquired hemophilia A. We also discuss therapeutic approaches to these forms of the disease, considering there are no concise protocols for case management due to an extreme rarity of the pathology. Acquainting the clinical personnel working it the different areas of medicine with suchlike inhibitor coagulopathies has a major practical importance

    ПОТЕНЦИАЛ РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПРОГРАММ ПАРАМЕТРИЧЕСКОГО СТРАХОВАНИЯ В РОССИИ

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    The subject of the research is the study of Russian and international experience in the use of index insurance. It is revealed that parametric insurance is used both in developed and developing insurance markets. The aim of the study is to propose an index insurance model based on two parameters: temperature and precipitation — with the possibility of using this model for regional index insurance programs inRussia. The authors put forward a hypothesis that the model of index insurance of crops against drought can be based on two parameters for a more accurate determination of the amount of insurance premiums. The study is built on the basis of statistical data from 85 subjects of theRussian Federationon precipitation, temperature, yields for the period from 1996 to 2015.We used the method of correlation analysis to select the region for the model. To test the model, one region was chosen —Bryanskregion, where the greatest correlation between the parameters was found. The study proved the economic feasibility of index insurance model based on one subject of theRussian Federationin comparison with the insurance program with state support. It is proved that the calculation of the model with two parameters has a lower level of risk than the calculation of the model with one parameter. It makes possible reduction of the net premium rate and competition with insurers programs drawn up with the support of the state. The authors highlight the existing problems of insurance with state support and identified the need to create regional insurance programs for various crops to protect against catastrophic risks, such as drought, frost, floods and others on the basis of meteorological data. We conclude that the proposed model makes possible to expand the insurance of farmers’ risks, creation of several programs with different sets of insurance risks, and reduction of the risk of fraud by more accurate calculation of the insurance premium.В статье анализируется российский и международный опыт применения индексного страхования. Выявлено, что параметрическое страхование применяется как на развитых, так и на развивающихся страховых рынках. Цель исследования состоит в том, чтобы предложить модель индексного страхования на основе двух параметров: температуры и осадков — с возможностью применения этой модели для региональных программ индексного страхования в России. Авторами выдвинута гипотеза о том, что модель индексного страхования урожая от засухи может быть основана на двух параметрах для более точного определения суммы страховой премии. Исследование построено на основе статистических данных 85 субъектов РФ по осадкам, температуре, урожайности за период с 1996 по2015 г. В исследовании использован метод корреляционного анализа для выбора региона для модели. Для апробации модели выбран один регион — Брянская область, где найдена наибольшая корреляция между параметрами. По результатам исследования доказана экономическая целесообразность модели индексного страхования на основе одного субъекта РФ в сравнении с программой страхования с господдержкой. Доказано, что расчет модели по двум параметрам имеет меньший уровень риска, чем при расчете модели с одним параметром. Это дает возможность страховщикам сократить нетто-ставку премии и конкурировать с программами, составленными при поддержке государства. Авторами выделены существующие проблемы страхования с государственной поддержкой и выявлена необходимость создания региональных программ страхования различных сельскохозяйственных культур для защиты от катастрофических рисков, таких как засуха, заморозки, наводнения и других, на основе метеорологических данных. Выводы исследования состоят в том, что предложенная модель дает возможность расширить практику страхования рисков фермеров, создать несколько программ с различными наборами страховых рисков, уменьшить риск мошенничества за счет более точного расчета суммы страховой премии

    Тетравалентный неогликоконъюгат на основе d-галактозы для целей медицины

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    Previously, the scheme of the preparation of a tetravalent neoglycoconjugate with the terminal residues of D-galactose and with a branching component based on D-galactose was carried out in our laboratory. It includes the synthesis of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components, the synthesis of the branching scaffold and its conjugation with a hydrophilic component. This article describes the optimization of the synthesis of 1-O-azidoethyl-β-D-galactopyronaside using the change of different parameters such as temperature, solvent and reaction time. The structure of obtained glycoconjugates has potential to be capable to anti-adhesion and target delivery to certain cell group.Проведена оптимизация ранее разработанной схемы синтеза тетравалентного неогликоконъюгата с терминальными остатками D-галактозы и разветвляющей компонентой на основе D-галактозы. Структура полученных гликоконъюгатов обеспечивает им потенциальную возможность проявлять свойства антиадгезии и специфически связываться с рецепторами на определенных группах клеток

    ЛЕГОЧНОЕ КРОВОТЕЧЕНИЕ: ЭНДОСКОПИЧЕСКАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ

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    In the article, we report the incidence and etiology of pulmonary hemorrhage, and modern classifications according to the literature data. Methods of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hemorrhage are analyzed.В представленной статье на основе данных литературы приведены сведения о распространенности и этиологии легочных кровотечений (ЛК), изложены современные классификации. Проанализированы методы эндоскопической диагностики и лечения ЛК

    Difficulties in diagnosing intestinal T-cell lymphoma. Case report

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    The article describes a rare diagnosis of monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL), due to its veiled by a number of so-called masks of enteropathies. A detailed analysis of all clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical data made it possible to establish the correct diagnosis. The revealed pathology is extremely rare in practice, even among specialists in hematology. The article demonstrates the main stages of both a complex diagnosis and an attempt at therapy for this aggressive form of intestinal lymphoma

    The structure of the oropharyngeal genus Candida fungi community in HIVinfected patients

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    At the present time virtually no data are available about the structure of the genus Candida fungus able to target HIV-infected patients and serve as an etiological factor of candidiasis. The aforementioned shaped the aim of the study: to examine structure of the Candida genus community colonizing the oropharynx in HIV-infected patients with clinical manifestations of oropharyngeal candidiasis. There was conducted a microbiological study of the oropharynx in 31 HIV-infected patients (51.6% males and 48.4% females) with clinical manifestations of oropharyngeal candidiasis treated at Moscow Infectious Clinic No. 2 inpatient department in the years 2015–2017. We confirmed the diversity of the oropharyngeal Candida spp. community found in HIV-infected patients. Total 52 isolates of the genus Candida were isolated. C. albicans dominated in 57.7% cases, whereas C. glabrata prevailed (21.1%) among non-albicans species. Minor components were represented by C. tropicalis (11.5%) and C. krusei (9.6%). C. albicans and C. glabrata were sensitive to polyenes, whereas minor community components — to itroconazole and clotrimazole. The vast majority of fungal strains were resistant to fluconazole. The genus Candida community reveals a unique architecture so that any member may exist in the oropharyngeal biotope of HIV-infected patients as a monoculture or in association: homogeneous, consisting of a single species strains, or heterogeneous, formed by several species. Candida fungi in 18 patients (58.1%) were isolated as a monoculture, whereas in 13 (41.9%) subjects — in association consisting of 34 isolates (65.4% of total number), of which 16 (30.8%) and 18 (34.6%) were isolated from homogeneous and heterogeneous associations, respectively. There were identified 9 two-component associations (69.2%), and 4 (30.8%) consisting of three or more components. It turned out that pattern of the examined community was mainly determined by species composition that agrees with previous data. Most common associations were presented by C. krusei (100%) and C. albicans (73.3%). Upon that, most often C. albicans (72.7%) formed a homogeneous type of associations. Sensitivity of Candida fungi to antimycotic drugs also depended on the architecture of related community. C. albicans isolates in heterogeneous associations revealed a wide range of resistance acquired by contact with non-albicans species

    Гемодинамические нарушения в магистральных сосудах глаза и орбиты при эндокринной офтальмопатии как фактор риска развития оптической нейропатии

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    PURPOSE: The search and identification of factor revealing the hemodynamic disturbances in magistral ocular and orbital blood vessels in endocrine ophthalmopathy (EOP) increasing the risk of the optic neuropathy development. METHODS: 86 patients with EOP were examined. EOP was associated with Graves' disease (GD, n=72, 144 orbits) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT, n=14, 28 orbits). All patients were examined by an ophthalmologist and an endo-crinologist. The diagnostic of GD and AIT was based on the medical history, examination, the level of thyroid hormones (free T4, free T3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), rTSH antibodies and thyroid sonography. Normal range for TSH levels was 0.25-3.5 mlU/l; free Т4 - 9.0-20.0 pmol/L; free ТЗ - 4.26-8.1 pmol/L. Patients with EOP were evaluated using the EUGOGO protocol. Every orbit was assessed separately. Ophthalmic examination included patients history and clinical assessment of EOP. All patients underwent similar eye examination (visometry, perimetry, biomicroscopy, tono-metry, ophthalmoscopy, Hertel exophthalmometry). Orbit pathology was verified by multispiral computed tomography. Orbit echography was carried out for all patients. Eyeball, retrobulbar space and magistral vessels were the anatomic objects of investigation. Blood flow was examined by ultrasound diagnostic system Voluson 730 PRO («Kretz», Austria) in regimen of triplexic screening (B-regimen, CDK in combination with impulse value dopplrography). Hemodynamic indices were analysed in a. ophthalmica, a. et v. retinae centralis, a. ciliaris posterior brevis et longae. Thyroid dysfunction type, endocrine disease duration, patient's age, orbital inflammation and the compressive factor were considered as factors of hemodynamic orbit disturbances. RESULTS: Different hemodynamic disturbances were present in all patients with EOP (100%). Statistic correlative analysis showed, that thyroid dysfunction is one of the most important factors, determining hemodynamic disturbances of orbit blood flow. The severity of these disturbances depended on the type of thyroid dysfunction. The obtained data showed that the age of the patient and the duration of the endocrine disease is the important factor of the hemodynamic disturbances of orbit blood flow in EOP. The age (over 50) and the duration of the disease result in hemodynamic disturbances, reaching the value of «chronic eye ischemic syndrome». The intensity of autoimmune inflammation was revealed to determine the depth of hemodynamic disturbances in orbit. At the same time the severity of EOP reflected intraorbital pressure that may cause hemodynamic disturbances changing the blood flow in the orbit. CONCLUSION: Factors determining the character of hemo-dynamic disturbances in main vessels of the eye and orbit in EOP are found and identified such as thyroid dysfunction type, orbital inflammation intensity, compressive factor, endocrine disease duration and the age of the patient.ЦЕЛЬ. Поиск и идентификация факторов, определяющих гемодинамические нарушения в магистральных сосудах глаза и орбиты при эндокринной офтальмопатии (ЭОП), повышающие риск развития оптической нейропатии. МЕТОДЫ. Обследованы 86 пациентов с ЭОП, ассоциированной с диффузным токсическим зобом (ДТЗ, 72 человека, 144 орбиты) и аутоиммунным тиреоидитом (АИТ, 14 человек, 28 орбит). Все пациенты были осмотрены офтальмологом и эндокринологом. Диагноз ДТЗ и АИТ устанавливали на основании анамнеза, осмотра, уровня тиреоидных гормонов (св.Т4, св.ТЗ), тирео- тропного гормона (ПТ), показателей АТ к рТТГ, АТ-ТПО, АТ-ТГ, эхографии щитовидной железы. Границы нормы для базального уровня ТТГ - 0,25-3,5 мЕд/л; св.Т4 - 9,0-20,0 пмоль/л; св.ТЗ - 4,26-8,1 пмоль/л. ЭОП верифицировали по протоколу EUG0G0. Каждую орбиту оценивали отдельно. Офтальмологический осмотр включал: сбор жалоб, анамнез, клиническую оценку ЭОП. Всем пациентам проводили: визометрию, периметрию, биомикроскопию, тонометрию, офтальмоскопию, экзофтальмометрию по Гертелю. Структуры орбиты исследовали мультиспиральной компьютерной томографией. Всем пациентам проводили эхографию орбиты. Анатомическими объектами исследования служили: глазное яблоко, ретробульбарное пространство и его магистральные сосуды. Кровоток исследовали на ультразвуковой диагностической системе Voluson 730 PRO («Kretz», Австрия) в режиме триплексного сканирования (В-режим, ЦДК в комбинации с импульсно-волновой допплерографией). Анализировали гемодинамические показатели в a. ophthalmica, a. etv. retinae centralis, a. ciliaris posterior brevis et longae. В качестве факторов, определяющих гемодинамические нарушения в орбите, рассматривали: уровень тиреоидных гормонов и ТТГ, длительность заболевания щитовидной железы, возраст пациента, орбитальное воспаление, компрессионный фактор. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. У всех пациентов с ЭОП (100%) присутствовали различные гемодинамические нарушения. Статистический корреляционный анализ показал, что отклонение уровня тиреоидных гормонов и ТТГ от нормы - один из наиболее значимых факторов, определяющих гемодинамические нарушения орбитального кровотока. Выраженность этих нарушений зависит от вида дисфункции щитовидной железы. Полученные результаты свидетельствовали о том, что возраст и длительность заболевания щитовидной железы являются важными факторами, определяющими гемодинамические нарушения орбитального кровотока при ЭОП. С увеличением возраста (после 50 лет) и длительности заболевания гемодинамические нарушения усиливаются, достигая значений, укладывающихся в понятие «хронического глазного ишемического синдрома». Выявили, что интенсивность аутоиммунного воспаления определяет глубину гемодинамических нарушений в орбите. Наряду с этим тяжесть ЭОП отражает интраорбитальное давление, что также может вызывать гемодинамические нарушения, изменяя кровоток в орбите. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Найдены и идентифицированы факторы, определяющие характер гемодинамических нарушений в магистральных сосудах глаза и орбиты при ЭОП. К ним относятся: вид дисфункции щитовидной железы, интенсивность орбитального воспаления, компрессионный фактор, длительность заболевания щитовидной железы и возраст пациента

    Strategies for the growth of fungi under conditions of nitrogen deficiency

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    Xylotrophic fungi are in the focus of scientists because of their capacity to grow under conditions of marked nitrogen deficiency. Basidiomycetes growing on wood developed some strategies that allow them find and consume nitrogen not easy accessible for many other organisms. In our experiments it was demonstrated that xylotrophic fungi, in contrast to basidiomycetes preferred rich organic substrates, are capable of not only prolonged searching growth (f-growth or forage growth) but also developed specific strategy to life in the wood (x-growth or xylotrophic growth). F-growth is characterized by a predominant use of resources accumulated by fungal mycelium before — that is such kind of growth is limited. X-growth is quite similar to f-growth but it is required additional nitrogen consumption and let the fungus occupy wooden substrates without limitation. Both types of growth are required recycling, but xylotrophic basidiomycetes belonging to different ecological groups use not compatible strategies to get nitrogen. While oyster mushroom could search for the rich nitrogen sources (living micro- and macroorganisms and so on) aphyllophoroids are able to extract of the trace nitrogen and include it in the recycling.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (проекты 12–04–00684, 14–04–00864, 15–04–06881) и Программы научного развития МГУ (ПНР–10)

    Use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents in stable outpatients with coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation. International CLARIFY registry

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