Possibility for determination of acetamiprid and its metabolite residues in sweet cherry using HPLC/DAD

U radu je razvijena brza i jednostavna metoda za istovremeno određivanje acetamiprida i njegovog metabolita, 6-hlornikotinske kiseline (6HNK) u uzorcima trešanja. Metoda se bazira na primeni reverzne faze razdvajanja na C18 koloni primenom gradijentne elucije. Za određivanje i kvantifikaciju analita primenjena je tečna hromatografija sa detektorom sa nizom diada (HPLC/DAD), pri talasnoj dužini od 230 nm. Ekstrakcija acetamiprida 6HNK izvedena je mešavinom acetonitril/0.IN NHyCl. Prosečne vrednosti prinosa ekstrakcije aceiamiprida 6HNK u uzorcima trešanja kretale su se u intervalima od 95-101% 1 73-83% (RSD<5%), respektivno,A rapid and simple method for the simultaneous analysis and quantification of acetamiprid and 6-chloronicotinie acid (6CNA). as intermediate of acetamiprid decomposition in sweet cherry samples has been developed. This residue analysis method is based on the reversed phase separation on C8 column with gradient elution. Analytes’ determination and quantification were performed by HPLC/DAD and chromatograms were extracted at 230 nm. These insecticides were extracted with mixture acetonitril/0.1N NH)CL Average recoveries of acekumiprid and 6CNA from sweet cherry samples were in range between 95-101 % and 73- $3%, respectively. with RSDs<5%

The impact of management practices to prevent and control mycotoxins in the European food supply chain: My ToolBox project results

The presence of mycotoxins in cereals has led to large economic losses in Europe. In the course of the European project MyToolBox, prevention and control measures to reduce mycotoxin contamination in cereals were developed. This study aimed to estimate the impact of these prevention and control measures on both the reduction in crop losses and the increased volume of crops suitable for food and/or feed. It focused on the following measures: the use of fungicides during wheat cultivation, the use of resistant maize cultivars and/or biocontrol during maize cultivation, the use of real time sensors in storage silos, the use of innovative milling strategies during the pasta making process, and the employment of degrading enzymes during the process of bioethanol and Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS) production. The impact assessment was based on the annual volume of cereals produced, the annual levels of mycotoxin contamination, and experimental data on the prevention and control measures collected in the course of the MyToolBox project. Results are expressed in terms of reduced volumes of cereals lost, or as additional volumes of cereals available for food meeting the current European legal limits. Results showed that a reduction in crop losses as well as an increase in the volume of crops suitable as food and/or feed is feasible with each proposed prevention or control measure along the supply chain. The impact was the largest in areas and in years with the highest mycotoxin contamination levels but would have less impact in years with low mycotoxin levels. In further research, the impact assessment may be validated using future data from more years and European sites. Decision makers in the food and feed supply chain can use this impact assessment to decide on the relevant prevention and control strategies to apply

Biometric analysis of Syngnathus abaster populations

Significant differences (ANOVA) in three out of six meristic characters and in 16 out of 18 morphometric characters were found among Syngnathus abaster caught in the River Danube at sites 900 km upwards from the mouth of the Black Sea, the fresh waters of Ukraine, the Black Sea and the Azov Sea. The Danube populations showed significantly greater values for antedorsal (aD) and anteanal (aA) distances, but considerably smaller values for postdorsal (pD) distance and head length (L-H) than other populations analysed (Tukey-Kramer's test). The relation of total length (L-T) to standard length (L-S) for the Danube populations was L-S = 0.97. LT, the length-mass relationship was M = 4.122. L-T(3.63) and the mean S.D. of Fulton condition factor was 0.34 +/- 0.08. (C) 2002 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.nul

First Report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata Causing Bacterial Leaf Spot on Sugar Beet in Serbia

A severe bacterial leaf spot was observed during June and July 2013 on commercial cultivars of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera) in the Vojvodina Province of Serbia. Serbia is a major sugar beet production area in southeastern Europe, with 62,895 ha and 3 million tons of sugar beet yield in 2013. A foliar leaf spot observed in 25 commercial sugar beet fields surveyed ranged from 0.1 to 40% severity. Symptoms were characterized as circular or irregular, 5- to 20-mm diameter, white to light brown necrotic spots, each with a dark margin. Diseased leaves were rinsed in sterilized, distilled water (SDW) and dried at room temperature, and leaf sections taken from the margin of necrotic tissue were macerated in SDW. Isolations from 48 symptomatic leaves onto nutrient agar with 5% (w/v) sucrose (NAS) produced bacterial colonies that were whitish, circular, dome-shaped, and Levan-positive. Representative isolates (n = 105) were Gram negative; aerobic; positive for catalase, fluorescence on King's medium B, and tobacco hypersensitivity; and negative for oxidase, potato rot, and arginine dehydrolase. These reactions corresponded to LOPAT group Ia, which includes Pseudomonas syringae pathovars (2). Repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence (rep)-PCR was used for genetic fingerprinting the isolates using the REP, ERIC, and BOX primers. Twenty-five different profiles were obtained among the strains. From each profile group, one representative strain was sequenced for the gyrB gene (1). Four heterogenic groups were observed, and representative gyrB gene sequences of each group were deposited in the NCBI GenBank (Accession Nos. KJ950024 to KJ950027). The sequences were compared with those of pathotype strain P. syringae pv. aptata CFBP 1617 deposited in the PAMDB database; one strain was 100% homologous, and the other three were 99% homologous. To fulfill identification of the Serbian sugar beet isolates, gltA and rpoD partial gene sequences were determined (1), and the sequences were deposited as Accession Nos. KM386838 to KM386841 for gltA and KM386830 to KM38683033 for rpoD. The sequences were 100% homologous with those of pathotype strain CFBP 1617. Pathogenicity of each of four representative bacterial strains was tested on 3-week-old plants of the sugar beet cultivars Marinela, Serenada, and Jasmina (KWS, Belgrade, Serbia) and Lara (NS Seme, Novi Sad, Serbia) by atomizing a bacterial suspension of ~106 CFU/ml of the appropriate isolate onto the abaxial leaf surface of three plants per cultivar until water-soaking of the leaf surface was observed. Three plants of each cultivar atomized similarly with P. syringae pv. aptata CFBP 2473 and SDW served as positive and negative control treatments, respectively. Inoculated plants were kept in a clear plastic box at 80 to 100% RH and 17 ± 1°C and examined for symptom development over 3 weeks. For all test isolates and the control strain, inoculated leaves first developed water-soaked lesions 7 days after inoculation (DAI). By 10 to 14 DAI, lesions were necrotic and infection had spread to the petioles. By 21 DAI, wilting was observed on more than 50% of inoculated plants. Negative control plants were symptomless. Bacteria re-isolated onto NAS from inoculated leaves had the same colony morphology, LOPAT results, and gyrB partial gene sequences as described for the test strains. No bacteria were re-isolated from negative control plants. Based on these tests, the pathogen causing leaf spot on sugar beet in Serbia was identified as P. syringae pv. aptata. References: (1) P. Ferrente and M. Scortichini. Plant Pathol. 59:954, 2010. (2) R. A. Lelliott et al. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29:470, 1966. </jats:p

Biometric analysis of Syngnathus abaster populations

Significant differences (ANOVA) in three out of six meristic characters and in 16 out of 18 morphometric characters were found among Syngnathus abaster caught in the River Danube at sites 900 km upwards from the mouth of the Black Sea, the fresh waters of Ukraine, the Black Sea and the Azov Sea. The Danube populations showed significantly greater values for antedorsal (aD) and anteanal (aA) distances, but considerably smaller values for postdorsal (pD) distance and head length (L-H) than other populations analysed (Tukey-Kramer's test). The relation of total length (L-T) to standard length (L-S) for the Danube populations was L-S = 0.97. LT, the length-mass relationship was M = 4.122. L-T(3.63) and the mean S.D. of Fulton condition factor was 0.34 +/- 0.08. (C) 2002 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.nul

Gibberella intermedia the pathogen of St. John's Wort, coneflower and marshmallow in Serbia

Gibberella intermedia (Kuhlmann) Samuels et al. (anamorf: Fusarium proliferatum /Matsushima/ Nirenberg) was isolated from seeds of St. John's wort, marshmallow, and coneflower, as well as from roots and stalks of marshmallow and roots of coneflower. These plants had symptoms of leaf chlorosis, malformation, withering and plant dwarfing and were collected from several localities in Serbia during five-year investigations of mycopopulations of the mentioned plants. The morphological characteristics of the pathogen were described

The effect of fungicide treatment on mycotoxin content and yield parameters of wheat

Effects of treatment with triazole fungicide were evaluated on 14 wheat genotypes with respect to mycotoxin (aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol), yield, 1000 kernel weight and hectoliter weight. Mycopopulation of seed samples was also determined. According to the results, fungicide treatment can reduce the level of mycotoxins in seed samples in order to improve the quality parameters and reduce the level of fungal contamination