Kolaborasi dan Komunikasi dalam Kelestarian Pembelajaran Sepanjang Hayat

Abstract: Lifelong learning is one of the factor needed to produce high quality of human capital. The purpose of this research is to identify the elements of collaboration and communication in implementation of lifelong learning between Community Colleges, Vocational Colleges and schools. Research objectives are to identify collaboration and communication elements needed in lifelong learning, to determine significant relationship between collaboration and communication. Survey research design was applied with set of questionnaires used as research instrument. Convenient sampling technique used to determine the numbers of respondents and 188 respondents involved in this research based on their role in implementation of lifelong learning programs. The results show high mean level for the elements of collaboration; consultancy, involvement, participation and partnership. The method of communication and communication frequent also in high mean level. There is medium significant relationship with collaboration and communication. As conclusion, the existing elements of collaboration and communication in lifelong learning programs between Community Colleges, Vocational Colleges and schools need various method to make sure the sustainability of programs and increasing the number of participants. Recommendations suggested in this research may help departments related to sustain lifelong learning.   Abstrak: Pembelajaran sepanjang hayat (PSH) merupakan salah satu keperluan dalam melahirkan modal insan yang berkualiti. Kajian ini bertujuan bagi mengenal pasti elemen kolaborasi dan komunikasi dalam kelestarian PSH melalui hubungan Kolej Komuniti (KK), Kolej Vokasional (KV) dan sekolah. Objektif kajian adalah bagi menentukan elemen kolaborasi dan komunikasi dominan yang diperlukan dalam PSH dan mengkaji hubungan yang signifikan antaran kolaborasi dan komunikasi. Rekabentuk kajian secara tinjauan digunakan dengan menggunakan soal selidik sebagai instrument kajian. Kaedah persampelan rawak mudah digunakan bagi menentukan bilangan responden kajian dan seramai 188 orang responden terlibat dalam kajian ini terdiri daripada pensyarah dan guru-guru yang mengurus kursus PSH. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan elemen kolaborasi iaitu perundingan, penglibatan, penyertaan dan perkongsian memperolehi min yang tinggi. Elemen komunikasi iaitu bentuk komunikasi dan kekerapan komunikasi juga memperolehi min yang tinggi. Dapatan kajian juga menemui hubungan yang sederhana antara kolaborasi dan komunikasi dalam pelaksanaan kelestarian PSH. Kesimpulannya, kajian mendapati elemen kolaborasi dan komunikasi telah ada dalam pemantapan program kelestarian PSH dalam KK, KV dan sekolah namun begitu kaedahnya perlu dipelbagaikan bagi memastikan kualiti dan peningkatan peserta dalam program ini dapat diteruskan. Beberapa cadangan telah dikemukakan untuk panduan jabatan berkaitan dan berharap agar ia dapat menjadi panduan dalam kelestarian PSH

Evolution of endemism on a young tropical mountain

Tropical mountains are hot spots of biodiversity and endemism, but the evolutionary origins of their unique biotas are poorly understood. In varying degrees, local and regional extinction, long-distance colonization, and local recruitment may all contribute to the exceptional character of these communities. Also, it is debated whether mountain endemics mostly originate from local lowland taxa, or from lineages that reach the mountain by long-range dispersal from cool localities elsewhere. Here we investigate the evolutionary routes to endemism by sampling an entire tropical mountain biota on the 4,095-metre-high Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, East Malaysia. We discover that most of its unique biodiversity is younger than the mountain itself (6 million years), and comprises a mix of immigrant pre-adapted lineages and descendants from local lowland ancestors, although substantial shifts from lower to higher vegetation zones in this latter group were rare. These insights could improve forecasts of the likelihood of extinction and ‘evolutionary rescue’ in montane biodiversity hot spots under climate change scenarios