BASE INDUSTRIAL DE DEFESA: A COMPETITIVIDADE INTERNACIONAL DAS EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS DE EQUIPAMENTOS DE USO INDIVIDUAL

Neste artigo é formatado um conceito de “equipamentos de uso individual, com base nos documentos norteadores das Forças Armadas do Brasil. Em seguida são apresentadas as maiores empresas do mundo desse segmento, buscando oportunidades de mercado. Na sequência é realizado um mapeamento das empresas brasileiras que atuam na área, incluindo a sua estrutura produtiva, porte, localização e capacidade de inovação. A metodologia empregada é de: 1) análise de dados governamentais; 2) questionário para empresários; 3) entrevista presencial em uma amostra de empresas; 4) pesquisa bibliográfica. Nas conclusões são elencadas possibilidades de políticas públicas para contemplar a Base Industrial de Defesa do Brasil, com foco nas empresas desse segmento

The Interplay Between International Relations and Science, Technology and Innovation: An Analysis of Embraer’s International Partnerships

International partnerships have been fundamental to Embraer’s technological advancement. The very creation of the company was only possible due to prior support received from specialized institutions in countries such as the United States, with governmental support. Even so, academic works on Embraer focus very little on its international agreements. This article maps and systematizes literature on international partnerships involving Embraer retrieved by Scopus, Scielo and the CAPES Thesis and Dissertation Catalog. In addition to presenting quantitative data that corroborates the finding on low participation of specific literature on international partnerships involving Embraer, this article demonstrates that almost none of the articles retrieved by the search are from the field of International Relations. In general, concepts and theories on which the mapped literature relies assume a purely transnational component in the partnerships without taking into account, for instance, the role of states in supervising international knowledge flows. Contributions made by the literature, while relevant to understanding business partnerships involving knowledge flows, do not necessarily consider the uniqueness of such flows when they cross national borders. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the mapped literature does not take the partnership axis (North-South or South-South) as a relevant variable for effectiveness

Military Malthusianism and the Strategic Partnership in the FX-2 program

Jurgen Brauer and Paul Dunne detect in Military Malthusianism a vulnerability in the occurrence of offsets. This vulnerability is perceived from the fact that the unit cost of large arms systems increases faster than government budget revenues. One of the consequences of this fact is the governments’ search for greater economic efficiency through the globalization of the production and acquisition of arms. If in one hand this theory affirms that we will see more and more unconventional conflicts, on the other it justifies the construction of strategic partnerships in the production of weapons systems, such as the Brazil-Sweden Strategic Partnership, under the FX-2 Program. Thus, this article seeks to evaluate the presence of Military Malthusianism in the Brazilian case, the compliance of the Brazil-Sweden Strategic Partnership with the National Defense Strategy (END, in Portuguese), and analyzes the role of this Partnership in the FX-2 Program. Jurgen Brauer and Paul Dunne detect in Military Malthusianism a vulnerability in the occurrence of offsets. This vulnerability is perceived from the fact that the unit cost of large arms systems increases faster than government budget revenues. One of the consequences of this fact is the governments’ search for greater economic efficiency through the globalization of the production and acquisition of arms. If in one hand this theory affirms that we will see more and more unconventional conflicts, on the other it justifies the construction of strategic partnerships in the production of weapons systems, such as the Brazil-Sweden Strategic Partnership, under the FX-2 Program. Thus, this article seeks to evaluate the presence of Military Malthusianism in the Brazilian case, the compliance of the Brazil-Sweden Strategic Partnership with the National Defense Strategy (END, in Portuguese), and analyzes the role of this Partnership in the FX-2 Program

Análise das práticas de OFFSET nos contratos de defesa no Brasil

Neste estudo são apresentados dados históricos e econômicos acerca da utilização internacional de contratos militares de offset. Em seguida são analisados aspectos da política de compensação nas aquisições de produtos de defesa no Brasil. Sobre tais análises é apresentado um modelo das relações entre as partes interessadas na sistemática de compensação, possibilitando estabelecer quatro estratégias de offset para a Força Armada contratante. Também é traçada uma dinâmica de categorização e priorização das tecnologias de interesse. Além disso, são sugeridos processos necessários para a operacionalização das atividades de offset, especificamente, no período anterior à negociação dos Acordos de Compensação. Complementarmente, são analisados os processos propostos, à luz do relatório do Tribunal de Contas da União sobre as atividades de offset. A metodologia empregada é de revisão da literatura, bem como de mapeamento da legislação e das normas vigentes. Na Conclusão são traçadas considerações sobre a relevância dos offsets na absorção de tecnologias militares e civis pelo Brasil, à luz das diretrizes expressas na Estratégia Nacional de Defesa.Palavras-chave: Aquisição de produtos de Defesa. Offsets militares. Gestão de processos na Marinha do Brasil. Compensações industriais, tecnológicas ou comerciais. Compensações na aquisição de tecnologias de uso dual   ________________________________________________________________________________ANALYSIS OF OFFSET PRACTICES IN DEFENSE CONTRACTS IN BRAZIL   ABSTRACT In this study, historical and economic data about the international use of military offset agreements are presented. Then, aspects of the offset policy in defense equipment acquisition in Brazil are analyzed. On such analysis, a systematic model of relations between stakeholders is presented, allowing the establishment of four offset strategies for an Armed Force contractor. It is also drawn a dynamic categorization and prioritization of technologies of interest. In addition, necessary processes for the operation of the offset activities are suggested, specifically in the period prior to the negotiation of offset agreements. Besides, the proposed processes are analyzed under the orientation of a Brazilian Court of Accounts report on the offset activities. The methodology used is a literature review, as well as a mapping of the Brazilian legislation and regulations. In the Conclusion, considerations about the relevance of offsets for the absorption of military and civilian technologies in Brazil are presented, taking into account the guidelines contained in the Brazilian National Defense Strategy.Keywords: Securitization. Acquisition of defense products. Military offsets. Management processes in the Navy of Brazil. Industrial, technological or commercial offsets. Offsets in the acquisition of dual use technologies