Data_Sheet_1_An innovative tool to assess the functional resilience of a school system: learning from the COVID-19 pandemic.docx

IntroductionPreparing the school system for a future crisis requires the ability to examine the effectiveness of schools’ functioning during distant learning and their level of preparedness for future crises. Functional resilience (FR) is defined as the ability to maintain vital operational continuity in the face of disturbance. The study objectives included to develop a FR index of schools and to evaluate and validate it.MethodsTo enable examination of the study objectives, the study design included tool development, followed by a validation process among 20 content experts. Concurrently, an eDelphi process for building an inclusive index, based on various components of resilience was conducted. The final study tool consists of four tailored questionnaires to examine perceptions of key stakeholders, i.e.- teachers, principals, parents, and highschool students regarding communication, psychosocial aspects, perceived stress, infrastructure, resources, pedagogic support, digital literacy, and perceived FR. Using an internet panel, the tool was disseminated cross-sectionally among the four groups of stakeholders.ResultsThe results showed high reliability of most of the scales developed. Furthermore, a high consensus level was reached on the relative importance of each component/ stakeholder to the schools FR. The findings further suggest that there were no significant differences in the composite FR score based on characteristics such as school type/ size/geographic location. However, the findings revealed interesting variations among stakeholders, with findings suggesting greater vulnerability among some.DiscussionTo increase resilience and preparedness for future adversities that school systems may face, it is recommended to periodically incorporate an assessment based on a structured tool.</p

Average sentiment score of tweets made by the managers. For each account the number of tweets analyzed is provided (n).

<p>Average sentiment score of tweets made by the managers. For each account the number of tweets analyzed is provided (n).</p

TwitterMate tweets collection time intervals.

<p>TwitterMate tweets collection time intervals.</p

Average sentiment score of tweets made by the organizations. For each account the number of tweets analyzed is provided (n).

<p>Average sentiment score of tweets made by the organizations. For each account the number of tweets analyzed is provided (n).</p

Number of tweets per day made by Twitter accounts of managers and organizations.

<p>Number of tweets per day made by Twitter accounts of managers and organizations.</p

Extent of tweets, retweets and mentions during the Westgate mall attack.

<p>Extent of tweets, retweets and mentions during the Westgate mall attack.</p

Government officials use of “@” in their tweets.

<p>Government officials use of “@” in their tweets.</p