Time series of antibiotic sales and Google search queries for urinary tract infections.

<p>Using “fosfomycin and sulfamethazole” for antibiotic sales, 2000–2012, in France and “cystitis or urinary tract infection” for Google search queries, 2004–2012 in France, the USA, Brazil, Italy, Germany, China and Australia indicated in grey. Black lines show the model's predictions. The horizontal axis represents the time of year, the vertical axis for antibiotic sales represents drug sales (in number of boxes per 100,000 inhabitants), and the vertical axis for Google search queries represents search fraction. Search fractions are rescaled between 0 and 100 by Google Trends internal processes at download.</p

Seasonal variations in the eight time series between summer and winter.

#<p>expressed as number of boxes per week per 100,000 inhabitants.</p>*<p>Google searches containing the terms cystitis and/or urinary tract infection. Each is rescaled between 0 and 100 by Google Trends internal processes at download.</p><p>sd = standard deviation.</p

Excess sales of analgesics observed during the Chikungunya epidemic on La Réunion, 2005–2006.

<p>The black curve represents the observed number of boxes sold, and the green curve the expected number of boxes sold. The red curve represents the upper limit of the 95% prediction interval. Excesses are represented by the areas painted in blue (source of the data: IMS Health).</p

Medical costs related to the Chikungunya epidemic, La Réunion, 2005–2006.

<p>Medical costs related to the Chikungunya epidemic, La Réunion, 2005–2006.</p

ICD-10 codes of signs that may be related to Chikungunya virus infection.

<p>*The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision.</p><p>**Where the code A92.0 was the only AD.</p><p>This list of manifestations was compiled following a review of all of the ICD-10 codes by two of the authors (MKS and TH), based on the symptoms reported in the acute phase of the disease. <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001197#pntd.0001197-Pialoux1" target="_blank">[4]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001197#pntd.0001197-Borgherini1" target="_blank">[16]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001197#pntd.0001197-Peters1" target="_blank">[53]</a>.</p

Algorithm for the scale of charges for hospital stays associated with Chikungunya.

<p>Algorithm for the scale of charges for hospital stays associated with Chikungunya.</p

Consultations, drug reimbursements and absenteeism from work due to the Chikungunya epidemic, La Réunion, 2005–2006.

<p>*Compared to consumption outside the epidemic, calculated by a periodic regression model.</p

Excess reimbursement of analgesics during the Chikungunya epidemic on La Réunion, 2005–2006.

<p>The black curve represents the observed reimbursement costs in Euros, and the green curve the “expected” reimbursement cost in the absence of epidemic, derived from the fit of a periodic regression model to observed costs outside the epidemic period. The red curve represents the upper limit of the 95% prediction interval for monthly costs in the absence of epidemic. Excess periods are defined when the observed costs are above the threshold (area in blue) and quantified by the cumulated difference between observed and expected costs over such periods.</p