Efeito de uma intervenção multicomponente sobre o tempo gasto em atividade física no período escolar

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Florianópolis, 2017.Este estudo analisou dados de uma intervenção de base escolar não randomizada com proposta de melhorar a aptidão cardiorrespiratória e a percepção de imagem corporal em adolescentes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar fatores associados ao tempo gasto em comportamento sedentário e em atividade física de intensidade leve e de intensidade moderada a vigorosa (AFMV) no período escolar, nos recreios, e em aulas de educação física (EF) e avaliar o efeito da intervenção nestas variáveis. Adolescentes do sexto ao nono ano (11-14 anos) de duas escolas públicas municipais de Florianópolis, SC, Brasil, responderam um questionário estruturado, foram submetidos à aferição de medidas antropométricas (estatura, massa corporal, dobras cutâneas, bioimpedância), participaram de um teste de aptidão cardiorrespiratória e utilizaram acelerômetros no período escolar ao longo de uma semana na linha de base e após 14 semanas de intervenção. O programa de intervenção contou com quatro componentes: 1) estruturação e aumento da intensidade em aulas de EF, com oferta de formação e material didático de suporte para os professores; 2) mudanças no ambiente para estimular a prática de atividade física (AF) no recreio, por meio de disponibilização de equipamentos de fácil acesso para os escolares; 3) ações educativas para alunos e pais, abordando tópicos de AF e saúde, educação nutricional, e imagem corporal; 4) desenvolvimento e divulgação de quatro panfletos, sendo dois para alunos e dois para os pais, com mensagens sobre AF e comportamento sedentário, além de exposição de cartazes, com as mesmas mensagens nas salas de aula e pátios das escolas e das Unidade Básica de Saúde do bairro. Para identificar fatores associados ao comportamento sedentário e AF, foram empregadas análises de regressão linear ajustadas. As variáveis independentes inclusas no modelo foram sexo, idade, escore de posse de bens duráveis, aptidão cardiorrespiratória, percentual de gordura, atitude, autoeficácia, percepção do ambiente escolar, apoio dos pais e apoio dos amigos. Para comparar o período pós-intervenção com a linha de base foram empregadas análises de covariância. No período escolar total, a média de tempo em comportamento sedentário foi de 139,28 minutos, enquanto 10,49 minutos foram despendidos em AFMV. No recreioescolar os adolescentes passaram 6,18 minutos em comportamento sedentário, e 2,23 minutos em AFMV. Em aulas de educação física a média de tempo em comportamento sedentário foi de 16,52 minutos e em AF moderada à vigorosa 6,49 minutos. Meninas foram menos ativas e mais sedentárias do que meninos, enquanto idade e percentual de gordura associaram-se inversamente à prática de AF moderada à vigorosa e diretamente ao tempo em comportamento sedentário. Atitudes para AF associou-se positivamente com AF moderada à vigorosa e inversamente com comportamento sedentário, enquanto apoio dos amigos para AF associou-se inversamente com comportamento sedentário. Em relação ao efeito da intervenção, os resultados sugerem que a intervenção não foi efetiva para aumentar a AF moderada à vigorosa e diminuir comportamento sedentário no período escolar total, nas aulas de EF e no recreio escolar. Observou-se melhora do grupo controle em relação ao comportamento sedentário no período escolar total, e à AF moderada à vigorosa nos três períodos analisados, enquanto a escola intervenção apresentou um perfil mais sedentário e menos ativo após a intervenção. Potenciais causas destes resultados podem ser a greve dos funcionários durante a intervenção, as mudanças climáticas não controladas, e a possível não aderência dos professores de EF a intervenção.Abstract : This study analyzed data from a school-based non-randomized intervention that aimed to enhance aerobic fitness and body image of adolescents. The objective of the present study was to analyze factors associated to time spent on sedentary behaviors and light and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) during school time, recesses, and physical education (PE) classes, and to evaluate the effect of a intervention on these variables. Adolescents from the sixth to the ninth grades (11-14 years old) of two public schools of Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, answered a structured questionnaire, were submitted to a battery of anthropometric measurements (height, weight, skinfolds), participated on a test to estimate maximum aerobic fitness, and wore accelerometers during school time. All measurements were conducted on the baseline and after the intervention. The intervention protocol was composed of four components: 1) reorganization and enhancement of the intensity of activities during PE classes, with a short course being offered to teachers with a booklet for teachers to use; 2) environmental changes to stimulate physical activity on recesses by making sports equipment available to students; 3) thematic educational sessions for students and parents, where they learnt about physical activity and health, nutritional health, and body image; 4) development and delivery of folders and posters on the school and on the health center of the same neighborhood with messages about physical activity and sedentary behavior. Crude and adjusted linar regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with sedentary behavior and physical activity. Independent variables included on the adjusted model were gender, age, score of belongings, aerobic fitness, body fat percentage, attitudes, self-efficacy, perception of the school environment, support from friends and support from parents. Analysis of covariance were used to compare baseline with post intervention. Adolescents spent, on average, 139.28 minutes on sedentary behavior and 10.49 minutes on MVPA during school time. On recesses, students spent 6.18 minutes on sedentary behaviors and 2.23 minutes on MVPA. On PE classes, the average time on sedentary behavior was 16.52 minutes and 6.49 minuteson MVPA. Girls were less active and more sedentary than boys, and age and body fat percentage were inversely associated with MVPA, and positively associated with sedentary behavior. Attitudes towards physical activity were positively associated with MVPA and inversely related with sedentary behavior, while support from friends to engage in physical activity was inversely related to sedentary behavior. In relation to the effects of the intervention, results suggest that the strategies were not effective to increase MVPA or decrease sedentary behavior at school, PE classes or recesses. We observed a decrease on the control group?s sedentary behavior on school-time and an increase in MVPA on all timeframes analyzed, while the intervention group was more sedentary and less active after the intervention. Potential causes of this results were the strike of the school staff in the middle of the intervention, climatic changes that were not controlled and possible non-adherence of PE teachers to the intervention protocol

How do adolescents with short sleep duration spend their extra waking hours? A device-based analysis of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in a Brazilian sample

Objectives:: To compare sedentary behaviour and physical activity between short sleepers and adequate sleepers in a sample of Brazilian adolescents. Material and Methods:: 688 adolescents wore accelerometers on the non-dominant wrist for seven days. Sleep duration, sedentary behaviour, light (LPA), moderate (MPA), and vigorous physical activity (VPA) were estimated. Participants were classified as short (<8h/night) or adequate sleepers (≥8h/night). The minutes and the percentage of time spent in each waking behaviour was compared between short and adequate sleepers. Results:: Participants were 16.3 years old, 50.4% were female, and 67.7% were short sleepers. Adequate sleepers engaged in less (min/day) sedentary behaviour (-53.46), LPA (-25.44), MPA (-4.27), and VPA (-0.63) compared to short sleepers. However, no differences were observed for the proportion of time (68% in sedentary behaviour, 28% in LPA, 3% in MPA, and <0.4% in VPA). Conclusion:: Patterns of waking behaviours are similar between short and adequate sleepers

Sleep, sedentary behavior, physical activity and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Florianópolis, 2020.Atividade física, comportamento sedentário e duração do sono compõem os comportamentos de movimento de 24 horas. Os níveis desses comportamentos são preocupantes entre os adolescentes brasileiros e muitos fatores podem influenciá-los, incluindo comportamentos alimentares, uso de substâncias e fatores sociodemográficos como sexo, idade, e nível socioeconômico. As evidências a esse respeito são escassas, pois a maioria dos estudos inclui apenas um ou dois dos comportamentos do movimento das 24 horas. Assim, o objetivo da presente tese de doutorado foi analisar transversalmente os correlatos sociodemográficos e comportamentais de comportamentos de movimento de 24 horas medidos por acelerômetro e autorreferidos em uma amostra de adolescentes brasileiros matriculados no ensino médio integrado à educação técnica. Todos os alunos matriculados do primeiro ao sexto semestre do ensino médio integrados a cursos técnicos de três campi do Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina na mesorregião Grande Florianópolis (Santa Catarina, Brasil) foram convidados a participar em 2019. Os participantes foram convidados após a equipe de pesquisa explicar a justificativa do estudo, e os participantes foram solicitados a fornecer um termo de consentimento assinado pelos responsáveis legais. Os participantes receberam um acelerômetro para usar no punho não dominante por sete dias consecutivos (avaliação de 24 horas). Uma semana depois, os acelerômetros foram recuperados e os alunos foram convidados a responder a um questionário estruturado online usando um smartphone. A duração do sono, comportamento sedentário, atividade física de intensidade leve (AFL), e atividade física moderada a vigorosa (AFMV) foram estimados a partir de acelerometria e sexo, idade, estrutura familiar, status socioeconômico, comportamentos alimentares, comportamentos de tempo de tela, e o uso de substâncias foram autorrelatados pelos alunos. Os volumes diários de cada comportamento de movimento de 24 horas foram estimados, o volume de esportes e não esportes, de cada indicador de tempo de tela, de tempo de tela de lazer, de tempo de tela involuntário e duração do sono, e a adesão às diretrizes de movimento das 24 horas foram usadas para dicotomizar os comportamentos diários (ou seja, =60 minutos por dia de AFMV, =2 horas por dia de tempo de tela recreativa e 9-11 horas por noite de sono). Modelos lineares multiníveis foram ajustados para identificar as associações dos indicadores de comportamento do movimento de 24 horas com ajustes para covariáveis relevantes. Quando os resultados da acelerometria foram analisados, as participantes do sexo feminio dormiram mais, se envolveram em mais AFL e se envolveram em menos comportamento sedentário e AFMV do que os participantes do sexo masculino. Idade foi associada positivamente ao comportamento sedentário. Alimentos não processados foram positivamente relacionados ao AFL, enquanto alimentos processados foram positivamente relacionados ao comportamento sedentário e inversamente relacionados a AFMV. Tempo de tela para estudar foi inversamente relacionado a AFL e AFMV. O tempo de tela relacionado ao trabalho foi inversamente relacionado ao sono e positivamente relacionado ao LPA. Assistir a vídeos foi associado a menor AFL e AFMV. Para o sexo masculino, os videogames foram associados ao aumento do comportamento sedentário e menores AFL e AFMV. Para o sexo feminino, estudar e usar a mídia social foi associado a menor AFL e AFMV. Quando os comportamentos de movimento de 24 horas autorreferidos foram analisados, as participantes do sexo feminino se envolveram em menos atividades físicas autorreferidas, esportes, tempo total de tela e tempo de tela de lazer (vídeos, videogames, e mídia social), mas em um tempo de tela involuntario maior (trabalhar e estudar) do que os participantes do sexo masculinio. A idade associou-se positivamente com comportamento de tela involutário e atividades físicas não-esportivas e involuntária. O nível socioeconômico associou-se positivamente à atividade física total autorrelatada. Os adolescentes que moravam com a mãe praticavam mais esportes do que os que viviam com os dois pais. Alimentos não processados foram positivamente associados à atividade física total e esportes autorrelatados. Alimentos processados foram inversamente associados com atividade física autorreferida e atividade física não esportiva e positivamente associados com tempo total de tela e tempo de tela de lazer. O uso de álcool foi positivamente associado a atividade física autorreferida, e o tabagismo foi negativamente associado à atividade física autorreferida. Nenhuma associação foi observada para a duração do sono. Quanto à adesão às diretrizes de movimento de 24 horas, a proporção de adolescentes atendendo às diretrizes de AFMV, tempo de tela, e duração do sono foi de 25%, 28% e 41%, respectivamente, para dados autorreferidos. A partir de dados do acelerômetro, 7,1% cumpriram as recomendações de duração do sono e 31,7% AFMV. A adesão a todas as três recomendações foi de 3% com autorrelato e 0,2% com dados do acelerômetro. Os participantes do sexo masculino foram mais propensos a atender a recomendação de AFMV, mas não as recomendações de tempo de tela e duração do sono. Foi observada uma relação positiva entre a idade e o cumprimento da recomendação de tempo de tela. Em conclusão, os resultados sugerem que os comportamentos de movimento de 24 horas dos adolescentes são influenciados por diversos fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentais. A relação entre os comportamentos de movimento de 24 horas entre si e com outros fatores pode ser específica por tipo e essa informação pode ser particularmente relevante ao planejar e otimizar estudos, intervenções, políticas, e a prática profissional no futuro.Abstract: Physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep duration comprise the 24-hour movement behaviors. Levels of these behaviors are concerning among Brazilian adolescents and many factors can influence them, including dietary behaviors, substance use and sociodemographic factors such as sex, age, and socioeconomic status. Evidence in this regard is scarce as most studies include only one or two of the movement behaviors. Thus, the objective of the present doctoral thesis was to cross-sectionally analyze sociodemographic and behavioral correlates of accelerometer-measured and self-reported 24-hour movement behaviors in a sample of Brazilian adolescents enrolled in high school integrated with professional education. All students enrolled in the first to sixth terms of high school integrated with technical courses from three campuses of the Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina of the mesoregion Grande Florianópolis (Santa Catarina, Brazil) were invited to participate in 2019. Participants were invited after the research team explained the rationale of the study, and participants were asked to provide a consent form signed by the legal guardians (for the under-aged). The participants were given an accelerometer to wear on the non-dominant wrist for seven consecutive days (24-hour assessment). One week later, the accelerometers were retrieved and students were asked to answer a structured online questionnaire using a smartphone. Sleep duration, sedentary behavior, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were estimated from accelerometry and sex, age, family structure, socioeconomic status, dietary behaviors, screen time behaviors, and substance use were self-reported by students. The daily volume of each 24-hour movement behavior, the volume of sports and non-sports, of each screen time indicator, of leisure-time screen time, of involuntary screen time, and sleep duration were calculated, and the adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines was used to dichotomize daily behaviors (i.e., =60 minutes per day of MVPA, =2 hours per day of recreational screen time, and 9-11 hours per night of sleep). Multilevel linear models were fit to identify the associations of the 24-hour movement behavior indicators with adjustments for relevant covariates. When accelerometry outcomes were analyzed, females slept more, engaged in more LPA, and engaged in less sedentary behavior and MVPA than males. Age and sedentary behavior were positively associated. Unprocessed food was positively related to LPA, while processed food was positively related to sedentary behavior and inversely related to MVPA. Studying was inversely related to LPA and MVPA. Working was inversely related to sleep and positively related to LPA. Watching videos was associated with lower LPA and MVPA. For males, videogames were associated with increased sedentary behavior and lower LPA and MVPA. For females, studying and/or using social media were associated with lower LPA and MVPA. When self-reported 24-hour movement behaviors were analyzed, females engaged in less total self-reported physical activity, sports, total screen time, and leisure-time screen time (videos, videogames and social media), but in more involuntary screen time (work and study) than males. Age was positively associated with non-sports and involuntary SB. Socioeconomic status was positively associated with total self-reported physical activity. Adolescents who lived with the mother only practiced more sports compared to those living with two parents. Unprocessed food was positively associated with self-reported physical activity and sports. Processed food was inversely associated with self-reported physical activity and non-sports and positively associated with total screen time and leisure-time screen time. Alcohol use was positively associated with self-reported physical activity, and tobacco smoking was negatively associated with self-reported physical activity. No associations were observed for sleep duration. As for the adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines, the proportion of adolescents meeting the MVPA, screen time, and sleep duration guidelines was of 25%, 28%, and 41%, respectively, for self-reported data. From accelerometer data, 7.1% met MVPA and 31.7% met sleep duration recommendations. Adherence to all three recommendations was 3% with self-report and 0.2% with accelerometer data. Males were more likely to meet MVPA, but not screen time and sleep duration recommendations. A positive relationship was observed between age and meeting the screen time recommendation. In conclusion, the results suggest that the 24-hour movement behaviors of adolescents are influenced by several sociodemographic and behavioral factors. The relationship between the 24-hour movement behaviors between themselves and other factors may be type-specific, and that information may be particularly relevant when planning and optimizing future studies, interventions, policies, and practice

Associations between Sociodemographic, Dietary, and Substance Use Factors with Self-Reported 24-Hour Movement Behaviors in a Sample of Brazilian Adolescents

We aimed to identify sociodemographic, dietary, and substance use factors associated with self-reported sleep duration, physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavior (SB) indicators in a sample of Brazilian adolescents. Adolescents (n = 731, 51% female, mean age: 16.4 years) answered a questionnaire. The volume of total PA, sports, non-sports, total SB, leisure-time SB, involuntary SB, sleep duration, dietary behaviors, sociodemographic, and substance use indicators were self-reported. Multilevel linear models were fitted. Females engaged in less total PA, sports, total SB, and leisure-time SB, but in more involuntary SB than males. Age was positively associated with non-sports and involuntary SB. Socioeconomic status was positively associated with total PA. Adolescents who lived with the mother only practiced more sports compared to those living with two parents. Unprocessed food was positively associated with total PA and sports. Processed food was inversely associated with total PA and non-sports, and positively associated with total SB and leisure-time SB. Alcohol use was positively associated with total PA, and tobacco smoking was negatively associated with total PA. No associations were observed for sleep duration. In conclusion, sociodemographic, dietary, and substance use factors are associated with the 24 h movement behaviors among Brazilian adolescents, and some associations are type specific

Inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I activity and induction of apoptosis by thiazacridine derivatives

Bezerra, Daniel Pereira “Documento produzido em parceria ou por autor vinculado à Fiocruz, mas não consta à informação no documento”.Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2017-08-28T17:58:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Barros FWA Inhibition of DNA.....pdf: 1103679 bytes, checksum: 0ad61a7527339f4fdc7938cca9438ffe (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2017-08-28T18:45:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Barros FWA Inhibition of DNA.....pdf: 1103679 bytes, checksum: 0ad61a7527339f4fdc7938cca9438ffe (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-28T18:45:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barros FWA Inhibition of DNA.....pdf: 1103679 bytes, checksum: 0ad61a7527339f4fdc7938cca9438ffe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013Brazilian National Research Council, National Institute of Science and Technology for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CNPq/RENORBIO/INCT-IF) and INCT-BioanalíticaFederal University of Ceará. School of Medicine. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology. Fortaleza, CE, BrazilFederal University of Sergipe. Department of Physiology. São Cristóvão, SE, BrazilFederal University of Piauí. Department of Biological Sciences. Picos, PI, BrazilFederal University of Ceará. School of Medicine. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology. Fortaleza, CE, BrazilFederal University of Pernambuco. Department of Antibiotics. Recife, PE, BrazilFederal University of Pernambuco. Department of Antibiotics. Recife, PE, BrazilFederal University of Pernambuco. Department of Antibiotics. Recife, PE, BrazilFederal University of Pernambuco. Department of Antibiotics. Recife, PE, BrazilFederal University of Pernambuco. Department of Antibiotics. Recife, PE, BrazilFederal University of Ceará. School of Medicine. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology. Fortaleza, CE, BrazilFederal University of Ceará. School of Medicine. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology. Fortaleza, CE, BrazilFederal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Belém, PA, BrazilFederal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Biotechnology Center. Porto Alegre, RGS, BrazilFederal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Biotechnology Center. Porto Alegre, RGS, BrazilFederal University of Ceará. School of Medicine. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology. Fortaleza, CE, BrazilThiazacridine derivatives (ATZD) are a novel class of cytotoxic agents that combine an acridine and thiazolidine nucleus. In this study, the cytotoxic action of four ATZD were tested in human colon carcinoma HCT-8 cells: (5Z)-5-acridin-9-ylmethylene-3-(4-methylbenzyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione - AC-4; (5ZE)-5-acridin-9-ylmethylene-3-(4-bromo-benzyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione - AC-7; (5Z)-5-(acridin-9-ylmethylene)-3-(4-chloro-benzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione - AC-10; and (5ZE)-5-(acridin-9-ylmethylene)-3-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione - AC-23. All of the ATZD tested reduced the proliferation of HCT-8 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. There were significant increases in internucleosomal DNA fragmentation without affecting membrane integrity. For morphological analyses, hematoxylin-eosin and acridine orange/ethidium bromide were used to stain HCT-8 cells treated with ATZD, which presented the typical hallmarks of apoptosis. ATZD also induced mitochondrial depolarisation and phosphatidylserine exposure and increased the activation of caspases 3/7 in HCT-8 cells, suggesting that this apoptotic cell death was caspase-dependent. In an assay using Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants with defects in DNA topoisomerases 1 and 3, the ATZD showed enhanced activity, suggesting an interaction between ATZD and DNA topoisomerase enzyme activity. In addition, ATZD inhibited DNA topoisomerase I action in a cell-free system. Interestingly, these ATZD did not cause genotoxicity or inhibit the telomerase activity in human lymphocyte cultures at the experimental levels tested. In conclusion, the ATZD inhibited the DNA topoisomerase I activity and induced tumour cell death through apoptotic pathways