On integrability of the Yao-Zeng two-component short-pulse equation

We show how the Yao-Zeng system of coupled short-pulse equations is related to the original short-pulse equation and obtain the correct zero-curvature representation of the Yao-Zeng system via this relationship.Comment: 5 page

Deformed Harry Dym and Hunter-Zheng Equations

We study the deformed Harry Dym and Hunter-Zheng equations with two arbitrary deformation parameters. These reduce to various other known models in appropriate limits. We show that both these systems are bi-Hamiltonian with the same Hamiltonian structures. They are integrable and belong to the same hierarchy corresponding to positive and negative flows. We present the Lax pair description for both the systems and construct the conserved charges of negative order from the Lax operator. For the deformed Harry Dym equation, we construct the non-standard Lax representation for two special classes of values of the deformation parameters. In general, we argue that a non-standard description will involve a pseudo-differential operator of infinite order.Comment: Latex file, 15 page

A Nonliearly Dispersive Fifth Order Integrable Equation and its Hierarchy

In this paper, we study the properties of a nonlinearly dispersive integrable system of fifth order and its associated hierarchy. We describe a Lax representation for such a system which leads to two infinite series of conserved charges and two hierarchies of equations that share the same conserved charges. We construct two compatible Hamiltonian structures as well as their Casimir functionals. One of the structures has a single Casimir functional while the other has two. This allows us to extend the flows into negative order and clarifies the meaning of two different hierarchies of positive flows. We study the behavior of these systems under a hodograph transformation and show that they are related to the Kaup-Kupershmidt and the Sawada-Kotera equations under appropriate Miura transformations. We also discuss briefly some properties associated with the generalization of second, third and fourth order Lax operators.Comment: 11 pages, LaTex, version to be published in Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics, has expanded discussio

Hamiltonian Structures for the Ostrovsky-Vakhnenko Equation

We obtain a bi-Hamiltonian formulation for the Ostrovsky-Vakhnenko equation using its higher order symmetry and a new transformation to the Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon-Sawada-Kotera equation. Central to this derivation is the relation between Hamiltonian structures when dependent and independent variables are transformed.Comment: 13 page

Governance mechanism in public agencies: the Italian practice in an international perspectives

The diffusion of Public Agencies seems to characterise the approach to public management in European countries. Under New Public Management, the role of politics is to provide strategic planning and economic policy target definition, whereas the administration is responsible for the management of public services. Moreover, the separation between politics and administration is strengthened by downsizing and decentralizing the public central administration. The current paper argues that this split necessitates careful attention to the adoption of models of accountability that respond to both citizen and political information needs. Thus, with respect to public agencies, this paper models accountability levels, defines an accountability cycle showing the relations between politics, administration, and citizens, and applies this model to the Italian case

Functional outcome after lower limb amputation: is hyperhomocysteinemia a predictive factor? an observational study

Lower limb amputation (LLA) is the drastic stage of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) where the hyperhomocysteinemia (H-HCY) seems to be a risk factor. Surprisingly, in literature the levels and the role of homocysteinemia (HCY) in persons with LLA are understudied. This study aims to investigate the level of HCY and its correlation with the functional outcomes after LLA.A case-control study to analyze HCY levels in amputees admitted in a rehabilitation hospital during an investigation period of 1.5 years. Barthel Index was used to assess the functional outcome.We enrolled 91 dysvascular amputees and 44 amputees for other reasons than PAD (controls). The mean level of HCY was found higher in dysvascular amputees (15.27.5) compared to controls (11.0 +/- 5.0, P<0.0001) with a risk related ratio of 4.78. Normal Gaussian distribution of HCY was observed in controls, whereas in dysvascular amputees the data follow a double Gaussian distribution. Finally, a significant negative correlation was found between HCY and the effectiveness of rehabilitation (R=-0.37, P=0.001) only in dysvascular amputees.Dysvascular amputees had a level of HCY significantly higher than amputees without PAD. H-HCY seems to influence the functional outcomes of the rehabilitative treatment only in LLA due to PAD

In-water synthesis of isocyanides under micellar conditions

An in-water dehydration of N-formamides to afford isocyanides using micellar conditions at room temperature is reported. This method allows for the preparation of aliphatic isocyanides in an environmental friendly manner. The replacement of undesirable components such as phosphorous oxychloride, triethyl amine and dichloromethane (the classical combination used for the dehydration of N-formamides), by p-toluen sulphonyl chloride, sodium hydrogen carbonate and water makes this transformation really sustainable and safe

Dinâmica de fenilalanina amonia-liase e peroxidase em feijão-caupi tratado com Acibenzolar-S-Metil.

O aumento na atividade das enzimas fenilalanina amônia-liase (FAL) e peroxidase tem sido associado a respostas inespecíficas de defesa vegetal. Objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar aumento na atividade dessas enzimas em plantas de feijão-caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], cv. Rouxinol, oriundas de sementes tratadas com acibenzolar-S-metil (ASM) e desafiadas por Macrophomina phaseolina, agente causal da podridão cinzenta do caule. O experimento foi organizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 4 x 9 (tratamentos versus tempo de coleta) e três repetições. Os tratamentos foram representados pelo indutor (ASM), indutor + patógeno (ASM+MP), água + patógeno (H2O+MP) e testemunha absoluta (H2O). Os tempos de coleta foram: 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 e 96 horas, após a semeadura e inoculação. Cada repetição foi representada por três sementes/plântulas. A atividade da FAL foi aumentada pela aplicação de ASM, especialmente nas 60 horas após a inoculação, sendo o mesmo verificado para peroxidase às 72 horas