Genetic parameters for�resistance to the Salmonella abortusovis vaccinal strain Rv6 in sheep

An experimental population (1216 lambs from 30 sires) of the Inra401 sheep was created in an Inra flock to allow QTL detection for susceptibility to Salmonella infection, wool and carcass traits. The Inra401 is a sheep composite line developed from two breeds: Berrichon du Cher and Romanov. At 113 days of age on average, the lambs were inoculated intravenously with 10(8 )Salmonella abortusovis Rv6 (vaccinal strain). They were slaughtered 10 days after the inoculation. Several traits were measured at inoculation and/or slaughtering to estimate the genetic resistance of the lambs to Salmonella infection: specific IgM and IgG1 antibody titres, body weight loss, spleen and pre-scapular node weights and counts of viable Salmonella persisting in these organs. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the genetic variability of the traits related to salmonellosis susceptibility. The heritabilities of the traits varied between 0.10 and 0.64 (significantly different from zero). Thus, in sheep as well as in other species, the determinism of resistance to Salmonella infection is under genetic control. Moreover, the correlations between the traits are in agreement with the known immune mechanisms. The genetic variability observed should help QTL detection

Quantitative trait loci linked to PRNP gene controlling health and production traits in INRA 401 sheep

In this study, the potential association of PrP genotypes with health and productive traits was investigated. Data were recorded on animals of the INRA 401 breed from the Bourges-La Sapinière INRA experimental farm. The population consisted of 30 rams and 852 ewes, which produced 1310 lambs. The animals were categorized into three PrP genotype classes: ARR homozygous, ARR heterozygous, and animals without any ARR allele. Two analyses differing in the approach considered were carried out. Firstly, the potential association of the PrP genotype with disease (Salmonella resistance) and production (wool and carcass) traits was studied. The data used included 1042, 1043 and 1013 genotyped animals for the Salmonella resistance, wool and carcass traits, respectively. The different traits were analyzed using an animal model, where the PrP genotype effect was included as a fixed effect. Association analyses do not indicate any evidence of an effect of PrP genotypes on traits studied in this breed. Secondly, a quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection approach using the PRNP gene as a marker was applied on ovine chromosome 13. Interval mapping was used. Evidence for one QTL affecting mean fiber diameter was found at 25 cM from the PRNP gene. However, a linkage between PRNP and this QTL does not imply unfavorable linkage disequilibrium for PRNP selection purposes

Analysis of the Genome and Transcriptome of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii Reveals Complex RNA Expression and Microevolution Leading to Virulence Attenuation

Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast responsible for more than 600,000 deaths each year. It occurs as two serotypes (A and D) representing two varieties (i.e. grubii and neoformans, respectively). Here, we sequenced the genome and performed an RNA-Seq-based analysis of the C. neoformans var. grubii transcriptome structure. We determined the chromosomal locations, analyzed the sequence/structural features of the centromeres, and identified origins of replication. The genome was annotated based on automated and manual curation. More than 40,000 introns populating more than 99% of the expressed genes were identified. Although most of these introns are located in the coding DNA sequences (CDS), over 2,000 introns in the untranslated regions (UTRs) were also identified. Poly(A)-containing reads were employed to locate the polyadenylation sites of more than 80% of the genes. Examination of the sequences around these sites revealed a new poly(A)-site-associated motif (AUGHAH). In addition, 1,197 miscRNAs were identified. These miscRNAs can be spliced and/or polyadenylated, but do not appear to have obvious coding capacities. Finally, this genome sequence enabled a comparative analysis of strain H99 variants obtained after laboratory passage. The spectrum of mutations identified provides insights into the genetics underlying the micro-evolution of a laboratory strain, and identifies mutations involved in stress responses, mating efficiency, and virulence

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Diptères Sciomyzidés capturés dans le département de la Somme

Twenty four species of Sciomyzidae have been collected in the Department of Somme. The insects captured in two adjacent biotops, one dry and the other humid, reveal that the adults of Sciomyzidae stay in the limits of the living area of their larval stages.Pour le département de la Somme, 24 espèces de Sciomyzides sont répertoriés. Les récoltes effectuées dans deux biotopes sec et humide contigus, révèlent que les adultes s'éloignent peu des milieux d'évolution des formes larvaires.Vala Jean-Claude, Brunel Christine. Diptères Sciomyzidés capturés dans le département de la Somme. In: Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon, 56ᵉ année, n°6, juin 1987. pp. 187-191

Trente ans de collaboration orthodontico-chirurgicale

S’intéresser aux dysmorphoses dento-faciales de la part d’un chirurgien, c’est s’ouvrir sur le monde orthodontique et vice versa. La collaboration orthodontico-chirurgicale est inéluctable et représente une véritable synergie. Après avoir évoqué les différents progrès intéressant les deux disciplines, nous insisterons sur l’étroite collaboration devant régner entre nos spécialités. L’exemple du traitement des classes II hyper-divergentes illustrera cette attitude thérapeutique

RAMAN SPECTRA OF MATRIX-ISOLATED HYDROGEN AND DEUTERIUM CHLORIDE

Author Institution: Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique, Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\'{e}esMatrix-isolated hydrogen chloride has been extensively studied by infrared absorption techniques. Attention has been focused on the spectrum of both monomeric and polymeric species. We have obtained the Raman spectra of HC1 and DC1 in Ar, Kr, and Xe matrices down to $7^{\circ} K$ I. Monomers: The interest lies in the problem of the rotation of the guest molecule. The infrared absorption spectrum of HCl in Ar at $7^{\circ} K$ exhibits three principal lines at 2887, 2867, and $2852 cm^{-1}$ which, from temperature dependence intensity measurements, were assigned to the $R_{0}$, Q, and $P_{1}$ treansitions, respectively. In the Raman spectrum we observe an intense the absence of the $R_{0}$ peak the latter cannot be assigned to $P_{1}$. Thus we can conclude that the so-called $P_{1}$ infrared line is the result of two transitions, one vibrational-rotational and the other pure vibrational which may be due to guest molecules trapped at a different site or to non first nearest neighbor dimers. This conclusion applies for Kr matrices. The temperature dependence of the Q branch width has been studied and will be discussed. II. Polymers: With respect to polymeric species, we observe the characteristic features of dimers, trimers, and higher order aggregates. The dimer frequency has the same value in both the Raman and the infrared spectrum, and this observation reules out the conclusion of previous workers who, from far infrared experiments, claimed that the dimer should be cyclic. Our observations favor an open-chain structure. III. External modes: Two external modes are observed. One of them is a combination between a localized translational mode and a stretching mode. The other a host frequency induced by the impurity

A Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Randomized Trial to Assess the Impact of a Monthly Administration of 50,000 IU of Vitamin D3 for 6 Months on Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Healthy Young Adults

In this double blind, unicentre, randomized, placebo controlled study, we evaluated the changes in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) serum levels in 150 young Belgian adults (18–30 years), monthly supplemented with 50,000 IU of vitamin D (VTD) or placebo for 6 months, from November 2010 to May 2011. At T0, 30% of the population presented 25(OH)D serum levels below 20 ng/mL. In the VTD-treated group, mean serum levels increased from 21.2 ± 8.2 to 30.6 ± 8.8 ng/mL ( < 0.001) at T3mo and to 36.0 ± 9.2 ng/mL ( < 0.001) at T6mo. Despite documented VTD intake, no changes in serum levels were, however, observed in 10% of the treated group. In the placebo group, mean 25(OH)D serum levels decreased from22.8 ± 8.5 to 14.0 ± 6.9 ng/mL at T3mo ( < 0.001) but returned to values not significantly different from those observed at T0 (23.5 ± 8.6 ng/mL) at T6mo. No difference between serum calcium levels was observed between the groups throughout the study. In conclusion, monthly supplementation with50,000UIofVTDinwinter canwarrant serum25(OH)Dlevels above 20ng/mL in96.2%of thosehealthy young adultswithout inducing unacceptably high 25(OH)D concentration. This supplementation is safe andmay be proposed without 25(OH)D testing