40 research outputs found
Reliability History and Improvements to the ANL 50 MEV H- Accelerator
The H- Accelerator consists of a 750 keV Cockcroft Walton preaccelerator and
an Alvarez type 50 MeV linac. The accelerator has been in operation since 1961.
Since 1981, it has been used as the injector for the Intense Pulsed Neutron
Source (IPNS), a national user facility for neutron scattering. The linac
delivers about 3.5x1012 H- ions per pulse, 30 times per second (30 Hz), for
multi-turn injection to a 450 MeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS). IPNS
presently operates about 4,000 hours per year, and operating when scheduled is
critical to meeting the needs of the user community. For many years the IPNS
injector/RCS has achieved an average reliability of 95%, helped in large part
by the preaccelerator/linac which has averaged nearly 99%. To maintain and
improve system reliability, records need to show what each subsystem
contributes to the total down time. The history of source and linac subsystem
reliability, and improvements that have been made to improve reliability, will
be described. Plans to maintain or enhance this reliability for at least
another ten years of operation, will also be discussed.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figur
A Real-Time Energy Monitor System for the Ipns Linac
Injected beam energy and energy spread are critical parameters affecting the performance of our rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS). A real-time energy monitoring system is being installed to examine the H- beam out of the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) 50 MeV linac. The 200 MHz Alvarez linac serves as the injector for the 450 MeV IPNS RCS. The linac provides an 80 ms macropulse of approximately 3x1012 H- ions 30 times per second for coasting-beam injection into the RCS. The RCS delivers protons to a heavy-metal spallation neutron target for material science studies. Using a number of strip-line beam position monitors (BPMs) distributed along the 50 MeV transport line from the linac to the RCS, fast signals from the strip lines are digitized and transferred to a computer which performs an FFT. Corrections for cable attenuation and oscilloscope bandwidth are made in the frequency domain. Rectangular pulse train phasing (RPTP) is imposed on the spectra prior to obtaining the inverse transform (IFFT). After the IFFT, the reconstructed time-domain signal is analyzed for pulse width as it progresses along the transport line. Time-of-flight measurements of the BPM signals provide beam energy. Finally, using the 3-size measurement technique, the longitudinal emittance and energy spread of the beam are determined
Bunch stabilization using rf phase modulation in the intense pulse neutron source (IPNS) rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS)
Phase modulation (PM) is used to increase the current limit in the IPNS RCS. A device referred to as a scrambler introduces a small oscillating phase between the two RCS rf cavities at approximately twice the synchrotrons frequency, f{sub s}. The modulation introduced by the scrambler generates longitudinal oscillations in the bunch at 2f{sub s}. Modulations in the bunch are also observed transversely indicating a coupling between longitudinal and transverse motion. Comparing PM with amplitude modulation (AM), coupling to the beam is roughly equivalent at 2f{sub s}
The 44Ti(Ξ±, p) reaction and its implication on the 44Ti yield in supernovae
Cross sections for the 44Ti(Ξ±, p)47V reaction which significantly affects the yield of 44Ti in supernovae were measured in the energy range 5.7MeV β€ Ec.m. β€ 9 MeV, using a beam of radioactive 44Ti. The cross sections and the deduced astrophysical reaction rates are larger than the results from theoretical calculations by about a factor of 2. The implications of this increase in the reaction rate for the search of supernovae using space-based gamma detectors are discussed
Experimental study of the Ni56(He3,d)Cu57 reaction in inverse kinematics
Measurements of (He3,d) reactions can provide information on the proton widths of states that play a role in astrophysically important (p,Ξ³) reactions. We report on the first study of the (He3,d) reaction in inverse kinematics with a Ni56(T1/2=6.1 d) ion beam. The Q-value resolution of ~keV achieved in this experiment was sufficient to separate the transitions populating the ground state and the 1/2 - 5/2- doublet at Ex~1.1 MeV in Cu57. Prospects for similar (He3,d) experiments with improved energy resolution are also discussed
Study of the 56Ni(d, p)57 Reaction and the Astrophysical 56Ni(p, Ξ³)57Cu Reaction Rate
The single-particle character of states outside the doubly magic (radioactive) nucleus 56Ni has been determined through a measurement of the (d, p) neutron transfer reaction using inverse kinematics. From the spectroscopic factors of the low-lying states in 57Ni, the astrophysically interesting yield for the 56Ni(p, Ξ³) reaction to the mirror nucleus 57Cu has been calculated, utilizing charge symmetry. The rate for this reaction in the temperature range typical of novae, supernovae, and x-ray bursts is found to be more than 10 times higher than previously assumed
Hormonal signaling in cnidarians : do we understand the pathways well enough to know whether they are being disrupted?
Author Posting. Β© The Author, 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Springer for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecotoxicology 16 (2007): 5-13, doi:10.1007/s10646-006-0121-1.Cnidarians occupy a key evolutionary position as basal metazoans and are ecologically
important as predators, prey and structure-builders. Bioregulatory molecules (e.g.,
amines, peptides and steroids) have been identified in cnidarians, but cnidarian signaling
pathways remain poorly characterized. Cnidarians, especially hydras, are regularly used
in toxicity testing, but few studies have used cnidarians in explicit testing for signal
disruption. Sublethal endpoints developed in cnidarians include budding, regeneration,
gametogenesis, mucus production and larval metamorphosis. Cnidarian genomic
databases, microarrays and other molecular tools are increasingly facilitating mechanistic
investigation of signaling pathways and signal disruption. Elucidation of cnidarian
signaling processes in a comparative context can provide insight into the evolution and
diversification of metazoan bioregulation. Characterizing signaling and signal disruption
in cnidarians may also provide unique opportunities for evaluating risk to valuable
marine resources, such as coral reefs
Myelin Proteomics: Molecular Anatomy of an Insulating Sheath
Fast-transmitting vertebrate axons are electrically insulated with multiple layers of nonconductive plasma membrane of glial cell origin, termed myelin. The myelin membrane is dominated by lipids, and its protein composition has historically been viewed to be of very low complexity. In this review, we discuss an updated reference compendium of 342 proteins associated with central nervous system myelin that represents a valuable resource for analyzing myelin biogenesis and white matter homeostasis. Cataloging the myelin proteome has been made possible by technical advances in the separation and mass spectrometric detection of proteins, also referred to as proteomics. This led to the identification of a large number of novel myelin-associated proteins, many of which represent low abundant components involved in catalytic activities, the cytoskeleton, vesicular trafficking, or cell adhesion. By mass spectrometry-based quantification, proteolipid protein and myelin basic protein constitute 17% and 8% of total myelin protein, respectively, suggesting that their abundance was previously overestimated. As the biochemical profile of myelin-associated proteins is highly reproducible, differential proteome analyses can be applied to material isolated from patients or animal models of myelin-related diseases such as multiple sclerosis and leukodystrophies
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The ANL 50 MeV H{sup {minus}} Injector: 35 year anniversary
The H{sup -} Injector at ANL consists of a 750 keV Cockcroft-Walton preaccelerator and an Alvarez type 50 MeV Linac. The accelerator was originally constructed as the source of protons for the Zero Gradient Synchrotron (ZGS). The first proton beam was extracted from the preaccelerator in 1961. The accelerator is presently used as the injector for the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS), a 500 MeV rapid cycling synchrotron with a spallation-neutron target. During most of the time since turn-on over 15 years ago, the IPNS facility availability has rarely dropped below 90% and has averaged 95% over the last ten years. During the same period, the 50 MeV injector availability has averaged 99%. Performance and improvements over the 35 year period is discussed
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Intense pulsed neutron source accelerator status
The Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) facility has been in operation since November 1, 1981. From that date through August 1, 1983, the accelerator system was scheduled for 7191 hours of operation. During this period, 627 million pulses totaling about 1.1 x 10/sup 21/ protons were delivered to the spallation target. The accelerator has exceeded goals set in 1981 by averaging 8.65 ..mu..A over this two year period. This average beam current, while modest by the standards of proposed machines, makes the IPNS synchrotron (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS)) the highest intensity proton synchrotron in the world today. Detailed data on accelerator operation are presented. Weekly average currents of 12 ..mu..A have been achieved along with peaks of 13.9 ..mu..A. A great deal has been learned about the required operating constraints during high beam current operation. It should be possible to increase the average beam current during this next year to 12 ..mu..A while observing these restraints. Improvement plans have been formulated to increase the beam current to 16 ..mu..A over the next three years