Photoacoustic Hydrocarbon Spectroscopy Using a Mach-Zehnder Modulated cw OPO

This paper describes a new photoacoustic spectrometer for the investigation of hydrocarbons based on a continuous wave optical-parametric oscillator (OPO). Two modulation methods for the generation of the photoacoustic signal are compared. In addition to the traditional modulation by a mechanical chopper a Mach-Zehnder modulator was set up for this wavelength range and used to shape the OPO beam. Spectra of three hydrocarbon test gases (methane, ethane and propane in nitrogen) were measured between 3200 nm and 3500 nm. The differences between the two modulation methods are explained and the advantages of the newly introduced Mach-Zehnder modulator are elaborated. In particular the frequency fluctuation and complexity of both methods are set in contrast with each other. The measured methane spectrum is compared against data from the HITRAN database

Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for the Determination of Lung Cancer Biomarkers—A Preliminary Investigation

With 1.6 million deaths per year, lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. One reason for this high number is the absence of a preventive medical examination method. Many diagnoses occur in a late cancer stage with a low survival rate. An early detection could significantly decrease the mortality. In recent decades, certain substances in human breath have been linked to certain diseases. Different studies show that it is possible to distinguish between lung cancer patients and a healthy control group by analyzing the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in their breath. We developed a sensor based on photoacoustic spectroscopy for six of the most relevant VOCs linked to lung cancer. As a radiation source, the sensor uses an optical-parametric oscillator (OPO) in a wavelength region from 3.2 µm to 3.5 µm. The limits of detection for a single substance range between 5 ppb and 142 ppb. We also measured high resolution absorption spectra of the biomarkers compared to the data currently available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database, which is the basis of any selective spectroscopic detection. Future lung cancer screening devices could be based on the further development of this sensor

Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for the Determination of Lung Cancer Biomarkers—A Preliminary Investigation

With 1.6 million deaths per year, lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. One reason for this high number is the absence of a preventive medical examination method. Many diagnoses occur in a late cancer stage with a low survival rate. An early detection could significantly decrease the mortality. In recent decades, certain substances in human breath have been linked to certain diseases. Different studies show that it is possible to distinguish between lung cancer patients and a healthy control group by analyzing the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in their breath. We developed a sensor based on photoacoustic spectroscopy for six of the most relevant VOCs linked to lung cancer. As a radiation source, the sensor uses an optical-parametric oscillator (OPO) in a wavelength region from 3.2 µm to 3.5 µm. The limits of detection for a single substance range between 5 ppb and 142 ppb. We also measured high resolution absorption spectra of the biomarkers compared to the data currently available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database, which is the basis of any selective spectroscopic detection. Future lung cancer screening devices could be based on the further development of this sensor

Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for the Determination of Lung Cancer Biomarkers—A Preliminary Investigation

With 1.6 million deaths per year, lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. One reason for this high number is the absence of a preventive medical examination method. Many diagnoses occur in a late cancer stage with a low survival rate. An early detection could significantly decrease the mortality. In recent decades, certain substances in human breath have been linked to certain diseases. Different studies show that it is possible to distinguish between lung cancer patients and a healthy control group by analyzing the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in their breath. We developed a sensor based on photoacoustic spectroscopy for six of the most relevant VOCs linked to lung cancer. As a radiation source, the sensor uses an optical-parametric oscillator (OPO) in a wavelength region from 3.2 µm to 3.5 µm. The limits of detection for a single substance range between 5 ppb and 142 ppb. We also measured high resolution absorption spectra of the biomarkers compared to the data currently available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database, which is the basis of any selective spectroscopic detection. Future lung cancer screening devices could be based on the further development of this sensor

Quantitative Evaluation of Broadband Photoacoustic Spectroscopy in the Infrared with an Optical Parametric Oscillator

© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. We evaluate the spectral resolution and the detection thresholds achievable for a photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) system in the broadband infrared wavelength region 3270 nm ≲ λ ≲ 3530 nm driven by a continuous wave optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with P ≈ 1.26 W. The absorption spectra, IPAS (λi), for diluted propane, ethane and methane test gases at low concentrations (c ~ 100 ppm) were measured for ~1350 discrete wavelengths λi. The IPAS (λi) spectra were then compared to the high resolution cross section data, σFTIR, obtained by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy published in the HITRAN database. Deviations of 7.1(6)% for propane, 8.7(11)% for ethane and 15.0(14)% for methane with regard to the average uncertainty between IPAS (λi) and the expected reference values based on σFTIR were recorded. The characteristic absorption wavelengths λres can be resolved with an average resolution of δλres ~0.08 nm. Detection limits range between 7.1 ppb (ethane) to 13.6 ppb (methane). In an additional step, EUREQA, an artificial intelligence (AI) program, was successfully applied to deconvolute simulated PAS spectra of mixed gas samples at low limits of detection. The results justify a further development of PAS technology to support e.g., biomedical research