233 research outputs found
Kinetic manipulation of the composition of electroprecipitated poly(vinylferrocene) films
Transcriptional Responses of Cultured Rat Sympathetic Neurons during BMP-7-Induced Dendritic Growth
Dendrites are the primary site of synapse formation in the vertebrate nervous system; however, relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate the initial formation of primary dendrites. Embryonic rat sympathetic neurons cultured under defined conditions extend a single functional axon, but fail to form dendrites. Addition of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) triggers these neurons to extend multiple dendrites without altering axonal growth or cell survival. We used this culture system to examine differential gene expression patterns in naïve vs. BMP-treated sympathetic neurons in order to identify candidate genes involved in regulation of primary dendritogenesis.To determine the critical transcriptional window during BMP-induced dendritic growth, morphometric analysis of microtubule-associated protein (MAP-2)-immunopositive processes was used to quantify dendritic growth in cultures exposed to the transcription inhibitor actinomycin-D added at varying times after addition of BMP-7. BMP-7-induced dendritic growth was blocked when transcription was inhibited within the first 24 hr after adding exogenous BMP-7. Thus, total RNA was isolated from sympathetic neurons exposed to three different experimental conditions: (1) no BMP-7 treatment; (2) treatment with BMP-7 for 6 hr; and (3) treatment with BMP-7 for 24 hr. Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays were used to identify differential gene expression under these three culture conditions. BMP-7 significantly regulated 56 unique genes at 6 hr and 185 unique genes at 24 hr. Bioinformatic analyses implicate both established and novel genes and signaling pathways in primary dendritogenesis.This study provides a unique dataset that will be useful in generating testable hypotheses regarding transcriptional control of the initial stages of dendritic growth. Since BMPs selectively promote dendritic growth in central neurons as well, these findings may be generally applicable to dendritic growth in other neuronal cell types
High Rate Detection of Volatile Products Using Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry: Combining an Electrode-Coated Membrane with Hydrodynamic Flow in a Wall-Tube Configuration
Current‐Voltage Analysis of Photoelectrochemical Cells Under Mass and Light Flux Variation
Interpretation of Potentiostatic Transient Behavior during the Underpotential Deposition of Silver on Gold Using the Rotating Ring‐Disk Electrode
A general approach to the interpretation of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance data. I. Cyclic voltammetry: Kinetic subtleties in the electrochemical doping of polybithiophene films
Electrochemical quartz crystal microblance monitoring of polyvinylferrocene electrodeposition microbalance
A general approach to the interpretation of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance data. II. Chronoamperometry: Temporal resolution of mobile species transport in polyvinylferrocene films
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