An approach to heroin use disorder intervention within the South African context: A content analysis study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The field of heroin use disorder intervention has been in transition in South Africa since the outbreak of the heroin epidemic. Yet despite growing evidence of an association between heroin users' use of supplementary intervention services and intervention outcomes, heroin use disorder intervention programmes in South Africa generally fail to meet international research-based intervention standards.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Semi-structured interviews with ten heroin use disorder specialists were conducted and the interviews were subjected to content analysis.</p> <p>Results and Discussion</p> <p>In terms of theory and practice, findings of the study suggest that the field of heroin use disorder intervention in South Africa remains fragmented and transitional. Specifically, limited strategic public health care polices that address the syndromes' complexities have been implemented within the South Africa context.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Although many interventions and procedures have begun to be integrated routinely into heroin use disorder clinical practice within the South African context, comorbidity factors, such as psychiatric illness and HIV/AIDS, need to be more cogently addressed. Pragmatic and evidence-based public health care policies designed to reduce the harmful consequences associated with heroin use still needs to be implemented in the South African context.</p

Frequency and duration of wetness periods on surfaces in airframes

This study reports on the wetting of sensors positioned in two diverse positions in two different air frames. The two spaces studied were a subgalley space in a commercially operated 747 and the cargo bay area of a military operated 707. The study found that in the 707 cargo, bay wetness events were relatively uncommon, with the majority of events lasting from 30 to 90 min but with some events lasting up to 600 h. In the 747 subgallery, wetness events were common, with the most frequent wetness period being 30 min (although periods of up to 270 min were observed) and the average wetness event being 50 min. The implication of such wetting intervals to the wetting and chloride ingress into intact paint films and the release of chromate into defects in paint films are discussed