The effect of deuteriation on the emission lifetime of inorganic compounds

The application of deuteriation of both ligands and solvents on the photophysical properties of transition metal complexes in solution and glassy matrices is reviewed. The reduction in amplitude and frequency of vibrational modes due to deuterium's increased mass, relative to hydrogen, has a significant effect on non-radiative deactivation processes, which can occur through both intra- and inter-molecular vibrational coupling. The effect of deuteriation on excited state lifetimes has allowed for its application in probing the nature of excited state decay processes. The effects of isotopic exchange on vibrational spectroscopies such as resonance Raman and low temperature high-resolution emission spectroscopies are also addressed briefly

The lone parent pilots after 12 to 24 months: an impact assessment of in-work credit, work search premium, extended schools childcare, quarterly work focused interviews and new deal plus for lone parents

From April 2004, a set of Government policies designed to help lone parents into work have been piloted in various combinations in a number of Jobcentre Plus districts in Great Britain. The five policies are: In Work Credit (IWC), Work Search Premium (WSP), Extended Schools Childcare (ESC) and Childcare Tasters, Quarterly Work Focused Interviews (QWFIs) for lone parents whose youngest child is aged 12 or over in Local Education Authorities (LEAs) in which an ESC pilot is operating (ESQWFI), and New Deal Plus for Lone Parents (ND+fLP), hereafter collectively referred to as 'the lone parent pilots' (LPPs or 'the pilots'). The pilots were rolled out in four Phases, the first three of which are analysed in this report. This report estimates the impact of the LPPs on lone parents who have received Income Support (IS) or Jobseeker's Allowance (JSA) for at least 12 months. It uses a difference-in-differences (DiD) estimator, and makes use of lone parents in districts not operating a pilot as a comparison group. The data covers the first 12 months (Phase 3 districts) to the first 24 months (Phase 1 districts) of the pilots' operation, and so should be seen as giving the early impacts. Impacts were estimated separately for the stock of lone parents who had been on benefit for at least 12 months when the pilots began, and the flow sample of lone parents whose claim of IS/JSA reached 12 months after the pilots began

Pensioner poverty over the next decade: what role for tax and benefit reform?

Recent falls in poverty amongst those aged 65 and over are unlikely to continue after 2007-08, even after the implementation of the proposals outlined in the Government's Pensions White Paper. This report looks at the prospects for pensioner poverty in England over the next decade. The authors find that that the proportion of those aged 65 and over living in poverty is set to remain at its current level - around one-in-five - between 2007-08 and 2017-18. This is despite the overall increase in the generosity of state pensions arising from the Pensions White Paper, and the fact that younger cohorts are expected to have more private pension income and higher employment rates at older ages than those preceding them

The Private Mortgage Insurance Industry, The Thrift Industry and the Secondary Mortgage Market: Their Interrelationships

On the other hand, the existence of the private mortgage insurance industry has facilitated the expansion of the thrift industry and of the secondary mortgage market. Twenty-two years after the formation of the first modern private mortgage insurance company and nine years after the creation of the federally sponsored market in conventional mortgage loans, the growth and success of the three industries can be seen as significantly interrelated

Modulation of internuclear communication in multinuclear Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes

The syntheses and characterisation of a series of mononuclear and dinuclear ruthenium polypyridyl complexes based on the bridging ligands 1,3-bis-[5-(2-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]benzene, 1,4-bis-[5-(2-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]benzene, 2,5-bis-[5-(2-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]thiophene, 2,5-bis-[5-pyrazinyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]thiophene are reported. Electrochemical studies indicate that in these systems, the ground state interaction is critically dependent on the nature of the bridging ligand and its protonation state, with strong and weak interactions being observed for thiophene- and phenylene-bridged complexes, respectively