A Discussion of the Washington Industrial Safety and Health Act of 1973 Presented as: A Preface to the \u3cem\u3eUniversity of Puget Sound Law Review\u3c/em\u3e

This Preface briefly describes WISHA, the problems of worker safety in Washington, and the role of Labor and Industries in working to solve those problems. In Section II, this Preface addresses the status of worker health and safety in Washington. Section III describes some unique Washington programs that are to be used to combat the problems of worker safety. Section IV describes the cooperative steps that employers and workers are taking to help solve safety problems. Section V identifies new legal standards that are coming to bear on the issue of worker safety. Section VI identifies new frontiers upon which worker safety is being challenged. Finally, Section VII addresses the future direction of worker safety and injury prevention programs

A Culturally Responsive School Leadership Approach to Developing Equity-Centered Principals: Considerations for Principal Pipelines

Principals are important. A recent synthesis of two decades of research on school leadership has documented that effective principals can have a positive impact on school climate, teacher satisfaction and retention, and student academic and other outcomes such as attendance and disciplinary behaviors (Grissom, Egalite, & Lindsay, 2021). Earlier research found that adopting a particular district-wide approach to principal development—known as building "a comprehensive, aligned principal pipeline"—was a powerful way to recruit and support a large corps of effective school leaders (Gates et al., 2019). The research about this approach, however, stopped short of fully addressing one of the most pressing issues in American education: educational equity, where all students learn and flourish in a welcoming, caring, and inclusive environment. Equity requires a commitment to fair and just treatment of each student, a willingness to address structural barriers to their success, and the delivery of resources aimed at providing equitable outcomes

Single atom trapping in a metasurface lens optical tweezer

Optical metasurfaces of sub-wavelength pillars have provided new capabilities for the versatile definition of the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light. In this work we demonstrate that an efficient dielectric metasurface lens can be used to trap and image single neutral atoms. We characterize the high numerical aperture optical tweezers using the trapped atoms and compare to numerical computations of the metasurface lens performance. We predict future metasurfaces for atom trapping can leverage multiple ongoing developments in metasurface design and enable multifunctional control in complex experiments with neutral-atoms arrays.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

Growth, microstructure, and failure of crazes in glassy polymers

We report on an extensive study of craze formation in glassy polymers. Molecular dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained bead-spring model were employed to investigate the molecular level processes during craze nucleation, widening, and breakdown for a wide range of temperature, polymer chain length $N$, entanglement length $N_e$ and strength of adhesive interactions between polymer chains. Craze widening proceeds via a fibril-drawing process at constant drawing stress. The extension ratio is determined by the entanglement length, and the characteristic length of stretched chain segments in the polymer craze is $N_e/3$. In the craze, tension is mostly carried by the covalent backbone bonds, and the force distribution develops an exponential tail at large tensile forces. The failure mode of crazes changes from disentanglement to scission for $N/N_e\sim 10$, and breakdown through scission is governed by large stress fluctuations. The simulations also reveal inconsistencies with previous theoretical models of craze widening that were based on continuum level hydrodynamics

ZOBOV: a parameter-free void-finding algorithm

ZOBOV (ZOnes Bordering On Voidness) is an algorithm that finds density depressions in a set of points, without any free parameters, or assumptions about shape. It uses the Voronoi tessellation to estimate densities, which it uses to find both voids and subvoids. It also measures probabilities that each void or subvoid arises from Poisson fluctuations. This paper describes the ZOBOV algorithm, and the results from its application to the dark-matter particles in a region of the Millennium Simulation. Additionally, the paper points out an interesting high-density peak in the probability distribution of dark-matter particle densities.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, MNRAS, accepted. Added explanatory figures, and better edge-detection methods. ZOBOV code available at http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~neyrinck/vobo