Will Twitter Make You a Better Investor? A Look at Sentiment, User Reputation and Their Effect on the Stock Market

The use of social networks like Twitter and Facebook has grown exponentially over the last few years. Twitter, which was founded in 2006, had an estimated 200 million users on January 1 2011 with more than 95 million tweets sent per day. With this rapid growth and significant adoption, Twitter has become an important tool for businesses and individuals to communicate and share information. In addition, Twitter has rapidly grown as a medium to share ideas and thoughts on investing decisions. This research builds on prior published research and attempts to determine whether there is correlation between twitter and the stock market by studying sentiment, message volume, price movement and stock volume as well as the affect that a twitter user’s reputation may have on sentiment and the stock market

Secondary Meaning and Religion: An Analysis of Religious Symbols in the Courts

In the Supreme Court’s most recent freedom of religion case, Justice Alito and Justice Ginsburg disagreed about the actual and potential meaning of the Latin cross, a traditional symbol of Christianity in which the upright leg of the cross is longer than the horizontal arms of the cross. Justice Alito stated that the Latin cross, while not losing its religious meaning, has acquired what might be called a “secondary meaning” as a symbol of World War I. He couched his analysis in language suggesting that a religious symbol’s meaning may depend on its circumstances. While he also denied that he is minimizing the religious importance of the symbol, he continued to revisit the language of the secondary meaning, suggesting that the symbol simply is not religious in certain contexts. Justice Ginsburg, in contrast, argued that “[t]he Latin cross is the foremost symbol of the Christian faith” and that its use in a “war memorial does not transform it into a secular symbol.” The disagreement among the Justices with regard to the characterization of religious symbols in this 2019 case is the result of many years of struggle by the Court in dealing with religious symbols and the Establishment Clause. This is the first time, however, that a Justice has used language reminiscent of trademark’s secondary meaning doctrine in trying to assess whether the use of a religious symbol by a government entity violates the Establishment Clause. This marks a significant potential shift in the Court’s approach to religious symbolism, with potential consequences for the extent of the First Amendment’s guarantee of free exercise rights. This Article looks at the conflicting views of the Court (in the majority opinion, in concurrences, and in the dissenting opinion) on the nature of the religious symbol and whether the symbol is changed by context and proposes a new type of analysis that focuses on the context of the use of the symbol. In order to do this, we first look in Part I at the various tests proposed by the Court in Establishment Clause cases, and in particular, the analysis of religious symbols. Part II outlines some basic principles of trademark law to set the stage for Part III. There, we apply those trademark principles to religious symbols to determine whether those principles are conducive to an Establishment Clause analysis. Potential uses for trademark law principles here include the determination of whether a symbol is a religious symbol, if a religious symbol might become a secular symbol, and how context might influence the public perception of a religious symbol. We assess whether the Court’s use of secondary meaning principles can be helpful to courts analyzing the use of religious symbols and whether it violates the Establishment Clause. The closing paragraph concludes that the principle of context is the key concept for religious symbol litigation but acknowledges that the principles of secondary meaning may help clarify a judge’s analysis of that context. We then propose a structured approach to the analysis that uses the idea of secondary meaning to assist a court in determining whether the use of a religious symbol violates the Establishment Clause in a particular contex

Chemical Probes of Escherichia coli Uncovered through Chemical-Chemical Interaction Profiling with Compounds of Known Biological Activity

SummaryWhile cell-based screens have considerable power in identifying new chemical probes of biological systems and leads for new drugs, a major challenge to the utility of such compounds is in connecting phenotype with a cellular target. Here, we present a systematic study to elucidate the mechanism of action of uncharacterized inhibitors of the growth of Escherichia coli through careful analyses of interactions with compounds of known biological activity. We studied growth inhibition with a collection of 200 antibacterial compounds when systematically combined with a panel of 14 known antibiotics of diverse mechanism and chemical class. Our work revealed a high frequency of synergistic chemical-chemical interactions where the interaction profiles were unique to the various compound pairs. Thus, the work revealed that chemical-chemical interaction data provides a fingerprint of biological activity and testable hypotheses regarding the mechanism of action of the novel bioactive molecules. In the study reported here, we determined the mode of action of an inhibitor of folate biosynthesis and a DNA gyrase inhibitor. Moreover, we identified eight membrane-active compounds, found to be promiscuously synergistic with known bioactives

Matrix Pencils and Entanglement Classification

In this paper, we study pure state entanglement in systems of dimension $2\otimes m\otimes n$. Two states are considered equivalent if they can be reversibly converted from one to the other with a nonzero probability using only local quantum resources and classical communication (SLOCC). We introduce a connection between entanglement manipulations in these systems and the well-studied theory of matrix pencils. All previous attempts to study general SLOCC equivalence in such systems have relied on somewhat contrived techniques which fail to reveal the elegant structure of the problem that can be seen from the matrix pencil approach. Based on this method, we report the first polynomial-time algorithm for deciding when two $2\otimes m\otimes n$ states are SLOCC equivalent. Besides recovering the previously known 26 distinct SLOCC equivalence classes in $2\otimes 3\otimes n$ systems, we also determine the hierarchy between these classes

Lethal Mutagenesis of Picornaviruses with N-6-Modified Purine Nucleoside Analogues

RNA viruses exhibit extraordinarily high mutation rates during genome replication. Nonnatural ribonucleosides that can increase the mutation rate of RNA viruses by acting as ambiguous substrates during replication have been explored as antiviral agents acting through lethal mutagenesis. We have synthesized novel N-6-substituted purine analogues with ambiguous incorporation characteristics due to tautomerization of the nucleobase. The most potent of these analogues reduced the titer of poliovirus (PV) and coxsackievirus (CVB3) over 1,000-fold during a single passage in HeLa cell culture, with an increase in transition mutation frequency up to 65-fold. Kinetic analysis of incorporation by the PV polymerase indicated that these analogues were templated ambiguously with increased efficiency compared to the known mutagenic nucleoside ribavirin. Notably, these nucleosides were not efficient substrates for cellular ribonucleotide reductase in vitro, suggesting that conversion to the deoxyriboucleoside may be hindered, potentially limiting genetic damage to the host cell. Furthermore, a high-fidelity PV variant (G64S) displayed resistance to the antiviral effect and mutagenic potential of these analogues. These purine nucleoside analogues represent promising lead compounds in the development of clinically useful antiviral therapies based on the strategy of lethal mutagenesis

Boston Hospitality Review: Spring 2016

Understanding the Momentum and Motivations of Foreign Investors in U.S. Hospitality by Ken Wilson and Liya Ma -- Creating Memorable Experiences: How hotels can fight back against Airbnb and other sharing economy providers by Makarand Mody -- Rebranding Before the Digital Age: 4 Strategies Used by the Sheraton New York Hotel and Towers During the 1992 Democratic National Convention by Leora Halpern Lanz, Juan Lesmes, and Erinn Tucker -- Federal Minimum Wage Debate: Are Gubernatorial Politics Behind a Hotel Line Employee Wage? by Nicholas Thomas and Eric Brown -- Rethinking Substance Use and Abuse Among Hospitality Employees by Amir Shani -- Consumers’ Desires in Hostels: Addressing Latent and Explicit Needs in United States Hostels by Emily Horto

Algae Photobioreactor Design Considerations for Commercial Scale Production

Track III: Energy InfrastructureIncludes audio file (22 min.)Recent growth in the biofuels industry (ethanol and biodiesel) has put market pressures on agricultural feedstock supplies, primarily corn and soybeans. In order for the biofuels industry to sustain and continue to grow, new non-food or feed biomass feedstocks must be developed. The US Department of Energy funded the Aquatic Species Program (ASP) from 1978 to 1996 to study and categorized microalage for the production of lipids and starches for biofuels production. This study concluded that microalgae provided far superior production potential in regards to yield per acre than that of soybeans and canola; however, production methods were cost prohibitive when considering the relatively low cost of energy in the 1990's. Recent energy costs increases and potential CO2 regulation have brought about a renewed interest in industrial algae production as can be witnessed by the number of start-up companies working to develop their own production systems. At this point in time however, none of these start-ups have been able to successfully implement a system that mitigates the high cost of production, which remains a major barrier to entry for this feedstock. To implement an algae growing system on a large commercial scale there are several key design factors that must be optimized and balanced. The primary factors to be considered are; production rates, value and markets for primary products and co-product, initial capital and start-up costs, and operational costs. Each of these main factors has a list of sub-components and interactions. For example initial capital costs will be balanced with service life, maintenance cost (labor and capital), but also influences production rates and product value. An industrial algae photobioreactor design that can balance these economic factors will be well positioned for wide spread implementation of the technology and provide a new source of biofuels feedstocks. Photobioreactor design efforts should consider the economic production factors early in the design phase to avoid major design flaws as the system is scaled

A Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase-Dependent Signal Transition Regulates ARF1 and ARF6 during Fcγ Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis

Fcγ receptor (FcγR)–mediated phagocytosis of IgG-coated particles is regulated by 3′-phosphoinositides (3′PIs) and several classes of small GTPases, including ARF6 from the ADP Ribosylation Factor subfamily. The insensitivity of phagocytosis to brefeldin A (BFA), an inhibitor of certain ARF guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), previously indicated that ARF1 did not participate in phagocytosis. In this study, we show that ARF1 was activated during FcγR-mediated phagocytosis and that blocking normal ARF1 cycling inhibited phagosome closure. We examined the distributions and activation patterns of ARF6 and ARF1 during FcγR-mediated phagocytosis using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) stoichiometric microscopy of macrophages expressing CFP- or YFP-chimeras of ARF1, ARF6, and a GTP-ARF-binding protein domain. Both GTPases were activated by BFA-insensitive factors at sites of phagocytosis. ARF6 activation was restricted to the leading edge of the phagocytic cup, while ARF1 activation was delayed and delocalized over the phagosome. Phagocytic cups formed after inhibition of PI 3-kinase (PI-3K) contained persistently activated ARF6 and minimally activated ARF1. This indicates that a PI-3K-dependent signal transition defines the sequence of ARF GTPase activation during phagocytosis and that ARF6 and ARF1 coordinate different functions at the forming phagosome